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The Science of Psychology

The Science of Psychology. Chapter 1 Section 1 Pages 1-9. Objectives-#3. Explain what psychology is and what it is not Describe the genesis or beginning of psychology and identify the key figures ( Wundt, James, Freud ) List the (5) major theoretical perspectives of psychology.

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The Science of Psychology

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  1. The Science of Psychology Chapter 1 Section 1 Pages 1-9

  2. Objectives-#3 • Explain what psychology is and what it is not • Describe the genesis or beginning of psychology and identify the key figures (Wundt, James, Freud) • List the (5) major theoretical perspectives of psychology

  3. Lets start at the beginning… • Psychology- the discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state and external environment • Research • Testable • Like saying car is vehicle for transport… without saying different than bus or train, ford different than Ferrari, and how catalytic converter works.

  4. What Psych. Is NOT • popular psych- self-help books, talk shows • Graphology (handwriting analysis), fortune telling, numerology, and astrology…NOT 1 Psychic or astrologer predicted events of Sep, 11. • Common sense is sometimes WRONG! • Psych IS empirical evidence- Gathered by careful observation, experimentation and measurement

  5. Not psych

  6. Nope

  7. First Psychology Lab • 1879, Leipzig Germany: William Wundt (VIL-helm Voont) (1832-1920) • Used trained introspection: subjects carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations, mental images, emotional reactions. • Break down (ANALYZE) behavior into basic elements. • Negitive is analysis to subjective: Only rich, German, Males • Positive is Spawns N.American psychologists

  8. Wundt’s lab

  9. More early psych approaches • Functionalism- function or purpose of behavior • Father of functionalism= William James • William James- (1842-1910) American philosopher, physician, psychiatrist • Inspired by Charles Darwin (1809-1882) • How actions assist an animal or person adapt to the environment? • Positive- cause and consequences (effects) of behavior sets course of psych.

  10. William James- Functionalism

  11. Psychotherapy- Psychoanalysis • Vienna, Austria • Others in labs, working on psy.science • Sigmund Freud- Neurologist, LISTINING to his patients • Nervous habits, problems, depression • WORD ASSOCIATION • Thought mind caused problems not body

  12. How was your day?

  13. chapter 1 Major Psychological perspectives • Biological perspective • Learning perspective • Cognitive perspective • Sociocultural perspective • Psychodynamic perspective

  14. Psychology’s Present (5 major theoretical perspectives • 1. Biological-Body events affect behavior, feelings, thoughts. • Nervous system, electrical impulses. • Specialty: evolutionary psychology- functionalism+ genetics • Body interacts with environment

  15. 2.Learning Perspective- how the environment and experiences effect Our human, animal actions • 2 different learning perspectives= • Behavioristsfocus on rewards, punishments • Social cognitive learning- focus on thoughts, values, intentions society teaches us (baby- boy blue) • many practical apps

  16. 3. Cognitive Perspective • What goes on in peoples heads • Reason, understand, remember, explain experiences, acquire moral standards…How did you know? • “Cognitive” Latin for “to know” • Mental process: thinking effects behavior and feelings

  17. 4. Sociocultural perspective • Social and cultural forces • How we kiss, how we eat, treat other people, run households • Study the “water” people swim in everyday • Thoughts, feelings, behavior

  18. 5. Psychodynamic Perspective • Unconscious dynamic within individual • Inner forces, conflict, instinctual energy • Freud= psychodynamic • Emotional states • The Thumb on the hand of Psychology

  19. Other recent additions • Humanistic psychology • Newer, 1960’s • Free will, personal growth, resilience • Positive psychology

  20. Questions? • SUMMARY TIME! • What is psychology • Key figures • Approaches

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