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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System. Overview. Key Terms. apocrine epidermis melanin alopecia erythema melanocyte arrector pili exfoliation scar cerumen follicle sebaceous cicatrix integument sebum cyanosis jaundice stratum dermatitis keloid subcutaneous dermis keratin sudoriferous

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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

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  1. Chapter 5:The Integumentary System

  2. Overview

  3. Key Terms apocrine epidermis melanin alopecia erythema melanocyte arrector pili exfoliation scar cerumen follicle sebaceous cicatrix integument sebum cyanosis jaundice stratum dermatitis keloid subcutaneous dermis keratin sudoriferous eccrine lesion

  4. Structure of the Skin Learning Outcomes 1.Name and describe the layers of the skin. 2.Describe the subcutaneous layer.

  5. The Integumentary System • Composed of two parts • Skin • Associated structures

  6. Structure of the Skin • The skin consists of two layers • Epidermis • Dermis • Underneath and supporting the dermis is the subcutaneous layer.

  7. Structure of the Skin Epidermis

  8. Structure of the Skin Dermis

  9. Structure of the Skin Subcutaneous Layer

  10. Figure 5-1 Cross-section of the skin. How is the epidermis supplied with oxygen and nutrients? What tissue is located beneath the skin?

  11. Figure 5-2 Microscopic view of thin skin.

  12. Figure 5-3 Upper portion of the skin.

  13. Structure of the Skin

  14. ✓ Structure of the Skin Checkpoints 5-1What is the name of the system that comprises the skin and all its associated structures? 5-2Moving from the superficial to the deeper layer, what are the names of the two layers of the skin? 5-3What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?

  15. ? Structure of the Skin Pop Quiz Where do new epidermal cells come from? • Subcutaneous layer • Stratum basale • Stratum corneum • Dermis

  16. ? Structure of the Skin Pop Quiz Answer Where do new epidermal cells come from? • Subcutaneous layer • Stratum basale • Stratum corneum • Dermis

  17. Accessory Structures of the Skin Learning Outcome 3.Give the location and function of the accessory structures of the integumentary system.

  18. Accessory Structures of the Skin • Help protect the skin and give it more functions • Include: • Sebaceous oil glands • Sudoriferous glands • Hair • Nails

  19. Accessory Structures of the Skin Glands

  20. Accessory Structures of the Skin Hair and Nails

  21. Figure 5-4 Portion of skin showing associated glands and hair. How do the sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands secrete to the outside? What kind of epithelium makes up the sweat glands?

  22. Figure 5-5 Nail structure.

  23. Accessory Structures of the Skin

  24. ✓ Accessory Structures of the Skin Checkpoints 5-4What is the name of the skin glands that produce an oily secretion? 5-5What is the scientific name for the sweat glands? 5-6What is the name of the sheath in which a hair develops? 5-7Where are the active cells that produce a nail located?

  25. ? Accessory Structures of the Skin Pop Quiz The maintenance of constant body temperature would be difficult without the actions of the • Apocrine glands • Meibomian glands • Sebaceous glands • Eccrine glands

  26. ? Accessory Structures of the Skin Pop Quiz Answer The maintenance of constant body temperature would be difficult without the actions of the • Apocrine glands • Meibomian glands • Sebaceous glands • Eccrine glasses

  27. Functions of the Integumentary System Learning Outcome 4.List the main functions of the integumentary system.

  28. Functions of the Integumentary System • Four major functions: • Protection against infection • Protection against dehydration (drying) • Regulation of body temperature • Collection of sensory information

  29. Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Infection • Intact skin forms a primary barrier against invasion. • Interlocking pattern resists penetration. • Shedding removes pathogens. • Protects against bacterial toxins • Protects against some harmful environmental chemicals

  30. Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Dehydration • Skin prevents water loss by evaporation. • Keratin in the epidermis • Sebum release from the sebaceous glands

  31. Functions of the Integumentary System Regulation of Body Temperature • Loss of excess heat and protection from cold are important functions of the skin. • Constriction of blood vessels • Dilation of blood vessels • Evaporation of perspiration

  32. Functions of the Integumentary System Collection of Sensory Information • Skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors. • Free nerve endings • Touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle) • Deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscle)

  33. Functions of the Integumentary System Other Activities of the Skin • Absorption of substances such as medications • Excretion • Water • Electrolytes • Wastes • Manufacture of vitamin D

  34. ✓ Functions of the Integumentary System Checkpoints 5-8What two substances produced in the skin help to prevent dehydration? 5-9What two mechanisms involving the skin are used to regulate temperature?

  35. ? Functions of the Integumentary System Pop Quiz Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? • Respiration • Excretion • Sensation • Thermoregulation

  36. ? Functions of the Integumentary System Pop Quiz Answer Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? • Respiration • Excretion • Sensation • Thermoregulation

  37. Color of the Skin Learning Outcome 5.Discuss the factors that contribute to skin color.

  38. Color of the Skin • Factors that influence skin color include: • Melanin • Hemoglobin • Carotene • Bile pigments

  39. ✓ Color of the Skin Checkpoints 5-10What are some pigments that impart color to the skin?

  40. ? Color of the Skin Pop Quiz Which pigment is responsible for a tan’s brown color? • Melanin • Carotene • Hemoglobin • Bile

  41. ? Color of the Skin Pop Quiz Answer Which pigment is responsible for a tan’s brown color? • Melanin • Carotene • Hemoglobin • Bile

  42. Repair of the Integument Wound Healing • Occurs only in areas with actively dividing cells • Epithelial tissues • Connective tissues • Minimally in muscle and nervous tissue Factors That Affect Healing • Nutrition • Blood supply • Infection • Age

  43. ✓ Repair of the Integument Checkpoint 5-11What two categories of tissues repair themselves most easily?

  44. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System

  45. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System • Age-related changes in • Skin • Tissues • Pigment • Hair • Sweat glands • Circulation • Fingernails and toenails

  46. Care of the Skin

  47. Care of the Skin • Proper nutrition • Adequate circulation • Regular cleansing • Removes dirt and dead skin • Sustains slightly acid environment to inhibit bacteria • Protection from sunlight • Exposure to UV light causes genetic mutations in skin that can lead to cancer, and causes premature aging.

  48. Care of the Skin

  49. Case Study Learning Outcome 6.Using information in the case study and the text, describe the specific layer of the integumentary system that was sun-damaged.

  50. Case Study • As a consequence of Paul’s sun-loving youth, he developed skin cancer later in life. • The cancer was restricted to the epidermis – the outer layer of his skin. • This layer is particularly sensitive to the damaging effects of the sun because it is composed of mitotically active epithelium.

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