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Biological Hazards & Bloodborne Pathogens

Biological Hazards & Bloodborne Pathogens. The basics. Biohazards.

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Biological Hazards & Bloodborne Pathogens

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  1. Biological Hazards & Bloodborne Pathogens The basics.

  2. Biohazards • A biological hazard or biohazard is a self-replicating organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to (primarily) human health. This can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can impact human health. It can also include substances harmful to animals and plants. • Human body fluids, unfixed tissues, cell lines, or genetic oncogenes • Can also be a fungus, bacteria, prion, parasite, or DNA component.

  3. Exposure to BH Same old same old • Injection • Inhalation • Ingestion • Absorption through mucous membranes Intact skin is not breached.

  4. NIH Biohazard Risk Groups • RG 1: Agents of no or minimal hazard under ordinary conditions or handling • RG 2: Includes agents which may produce disease of varying degrees of severity from accidental inoculation or injection or other means of cutaneous penetration but which are contained by ordinary laboratory techniques.

  5. NIH Biohazard Risk Groups • RG 3: Includes pathogens that require special conditions for containment. • RG 4: Require the most stringent conditions for their containment because they are extremely hazardous to laboratory personnel or may cause serious epidemic disease.

  6. Biosafety levels BSL2 required for RG 2 BSL3 required for RG 3 BSL4 required for RG 5

  7. BSL2 • Limited access, • Door posts warnings, • Surface decontamination methods, • Waste handling, • No eating or drinking, • Hand washing, • Appropriate personal protective equipment, and • A Class 2 Biosafety Cabinet (if aerosol production is anticipated).

  8. Specialized training required For each RG/hazard • Handling techniques (incl cabinets). • Signs and symptoms . • Special hazards, e.g. pregnancy complications….. • PPE • Waste handling (autoclave, sharps…) • Decontamination • Biosecurity

  9. HEPA Filtered Cabinets Two very different devices: • Biological Safety Cabinet intake HEPA, exhaust HEPA • Laminar Flow Clean Bench intake HEPA only HEPA stands for: High Efficiency Particulate Air(filter)

  10. Biological Safety Cabinets Laminar Flow Clean Benches HEPA filters on both supply and exhaust HEPA filtered supply air only • Protects operator • Protects the environment • Protects the product • Reduces the risk of airborne infection by reducing the escape of aerosols • Protects the product • Blows aerosols into the operator’s face. • Does not protect the operator • Should not be used with potential pathogens • Is not a Biological Safety Cabinet

  11. BSC – Safe for Biohazard Use Visual Indicator Sash

  12. BIOSAFETY CABINET AIRFLOW (Courtesy of Eagleson Institute)

  13. CLEAN BENCH UNSAFE for Biohazard Use

  14. CLEAN BENCH AIRFLOW POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED AIR HEPA FILTERED AIR ROOM AIR Courtesy of Eagleson Institute

  15. Select Agents (biologicals) • Potential use for terrorism • Highly regulated • Incredibly severe penalties • FBI background checks • High security No one at Purdue has been approved for Select Agents at this time.

  16. Bloodborne Pathogens

  17. What Are Bloodborne Pathogens? • Microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in human. • Hepatitis B (HBV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the only diseases specifically addressed by name in the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910.120

  18. Where are Bloodborne Pathogens Found? • Human Blood • Human blood components • Human cell lines and unfixed tissue • Products made from human blood • Other bodily fluids that may mask the presence of blood Urine? Semen? Milk? Fecal material? Vomit? Saliva? Blood? Plasma? Tears? Sweat? Tobacco juice?

  19. Training Required • For all who will work with these or have potential occupational exposure. • Medical care providers • Custodians • Researchers working with these agents • …..

  20. Universal Precautions • "Universal Precautions" is the prevention strategy in which all blood and potentially infectious materials are treated as if they are, in fact, infectious. This approach is used in all situations where exposure to blood or potentially infectious materials is possible.

  21. Employer must make available, free of charge at a reasonable time and place, to all employees at risk of exposure within 10 working days of initial assignment. Hepatitis B Vaccination Requirements Employee may decline…

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