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PPP Resources for Road Transport

PPP Resources for Road Transport. Peter Roberts Lead Infrastructure Specialist Natalya Stankevich Consultant TUDTR Public / Private Partnerships in Highways October 6, 2005. Thematic Resources. Public and Private Sector Roles in Transport - Overview.

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PPP Resources for Road Transport

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  1. PPP Resources for Road Transport Peter Roberts Lead Infrastructure Specialist Natalya Stankevich Consultant TUDTR Public / Private Partnerships in Highways October 6, 2005

  2. Thematic Resources

  3. Public and Private Sector Roles in Transport - Overview Amos, P. 2004. Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of Transport Infrastructure and Services. TP-1. WB. • Aim at greater efficiency through competition • Emphasise the need for effective regulation • Recognise scope for governance arrangements • Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004. “Where Do We Stand on Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Public-Private Partnerships”. • Wang, E.C. 2005. “Mechanisms for Effective Deployment of the Private Sector in Transport Services in Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished).

  4. Laws, Rules and Contracts • EBRD. 2004. "Concession Assessment Project". Cover Analysis Report. London. • An overview of legal status • Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions – Doing It Right.” WBI. • Kessides, Ioannis N.; “Reforming Infrastructure - Privatization, Regulation; and Competition” World Bank Policy Research Report World Bank and Oxford University Press.

  5. Good Governance and Reducing Corruption in Concessions • Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. "Corruption, Transport Infrastructure Stock and Economic Development." • The Business Principles for Countering Bribery, by Transparency International and Social Accountability International. • Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - Competitive Solutions for Private Infrastructure.” • Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues for Private Infrastructure Projects.”

  6. Transparency International Special Focus: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Reconstruction

  7. Transparency International “Global Corruption Report, 2005” The reportopens with a tribute to one individual, Satyendra Dubey, who was murdered after he courageously spoke out against corruption in the construction of a massive highway project in India. See Part 1 ‘Corruption in Construction’ “Too often, international investors and financial institutions are also culpable in supporting corruption. An over-readiness to lend against a background of weak oversight and accounting safeguards has led the World Bank and regional development banks to invest heavily in projects that have been subject to allegations of corruption.”

  8. PPPs and Fiscal Risks • HM Treasury. “Value for Money Appraisal Guidance.”London. • Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. “The Theoretical and Practical Bases for Setting Road Tolls.” The World Bank., Washington, D.C.: (TUDTR. Unpublished) • Silva, G. F. 2000. “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in Private Participation.” • Irwin, T. “Government Guarantees for Private Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished).

  9. Regional Experience with Highway PPP Projects

  10. Europe and Central Asia • WB ECA Transport Website • Queiroz, C. 2005. “Launching Public Private Partnerships for Highways in Transition Economies.” TP-9. World Bank. • PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. “Developing Public Private Partnerships in New Europe.” • Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. “Potential for Public Private Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure and Services Within the Russian Federation.” Draft Discussion Paper. • World Bank. 2005. “A Strategy for Private Sector Participation in Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Unpublished. • EC. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.” Brussels.

  11. East and South Asia • Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. “Private Participation in Infrastructure in China”. Issues and Recommendations for the Road, Water, and Power Sector.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank and International Finance Corporation. • Progress with Private Sector Participation. World Bank and Highway Sector Financing in India Website.

  12. Latin America and the Caribbean • Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. 2001. “Toll Road Concessions: The Chilean Experience.” Private Finance and Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. 124. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. • Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. 2003. “Privatizing Highways in Latin America: Is It Possible to Fix What Went Wrong?” Yale University.

  13. Africa • WB SSATP Website • Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. “The Long and Winding Road – Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” London. • WB and PPIAF. 2004. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Lesotho.” • WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Angola.” • Department of Transport, South Africa • South African National Roads Agency • Transnet, South Africa

  14. Additional Sources • WB/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in Highways • Private Participation in Infrastructure – Project Database • World Bank Guarantees Website • Operational Policy on World Bank Guarantee Program, OP 14.25 • MIGA Infrastructure Website • European Commission. 2003. “Guidelines for Successful PPPs.” EC. Directorate-General Regional Policy. Brussels.

  15. Financial Resources For Road Networks • All road transport networks are PPPs • Regulation is a Public interest • Road Networks mostly Public investment • Some sections Privately owned (eg Toll Roads) • Maintenance may be Private concession • Transport Operations are Private investments

  16. Transport Operations Cost • Transport operating costs are much more than road asset provision and management costs • Transport costs increase disproportionately (typically 3 fold) with road deterioration as a result of inadequate maintenance • Road deterioration increases disproportionately with the overloading of heavy vehicles • Increasing proportion of informal services is difficult to regulate – particularly in low-income countries where institutions are poorly developed. • Excess costs (direct and indirect) from sub-optimal management of transport services are often very high (e.g. road accidents)

  17. Transport Costs Dominate • Costs of road transport operations are typically 5-15 times the cost of providing and maintaining the road network infrastructure in LICs and MICs • In more active economies the proportion of transport operations costs is even greater: • Studies in Indonesia have shown annual expenditure for road transport operation to be about 20 times expenditure on the roads.

  18. Total Road Transport Costs Indonesia case – annual costs Rupiah trillion (1999/00) • Public expenditure: National, Provincial and District roads: Rp tr % GNI • Capital: new construction etc: 2.7 ) • Recurrent: maintenance etc: 3.0 ) < 1 • User expenditure: • vehicle ownership, operation etc: 185 > 14 (Gross National Income: approx.Rp 1,280 tr)

  19. Inclusive, Affordable, Sustainable Transport Services • Rural Access: affordable basic transport reaching the rural poor • Urban Mobility: effective urban transport services are inclusive and affordable • Road Haulage: local and national freight services are effective, competitive and environmentally sustainable

  20. Managing the Network Effectively Key inputs to optimise Transport Costs are: • road maintenance and • demand management • congestion / overloading / accidents • Road users should have more control • Institutionally possible but political resistance • Carbon Funds may give financial incentive • require reliable measurements of performance for monitoring

  21. Further Resources – and Gaps • Road network management: • Gwilliam, Ken and Ajay Kumar. 2002. “Road Funds Revisited. A Preliminary Appraisal of the Effectiveness of “Second Generation” Road Funds.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. TWU Series, TWU-47 • Public and Private Financing of Transport: Review of World Bank Assistance: Background Paper: Evaluation of Bank Support for Road Funds (OED. Work in progress) • Passenger services: • Safe Provision for Pedestrians and Non-motorised Transport (various). • Targeted, Competitively-bid Subsidies for the Delivery of Rural and Urban Transport Services – Output Based Aid in Transport (TUDTR and IEF. Work in progress)

  22. Further Resources – More Gaps • Freight services: • Hine, J.L. and Rizet, C. “A comparison of the Costs and Productivity of Road Transport in Africa and Pakistan.” Transport Reviews. Vol. 13 no 2, 1993 • ??? • Environmental costs: • Metschies, G. "International Fuel Prices 2005”. GTZ. • Gwilliam, K., Kojima, M., and Johnson, T. “Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Transport.” June, 2004. Washington, D.C.: World Bank . • Climate Change, Energy and Sustainable Development, G8 Gleneagles 2005 • Masaki, S. and Roberts, P. “Key Environmental Indicators for Transport.” (TUDTR. Work in progress)

  23. Questions? Sources and Links follow >>>

  24. Web Links to PPP Resources In The World Bank and Elsewhere Role of the Public and Private Sector in Transport Infrastructure Amos, Paul. 2004. “Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of Transport Infrastructure and Services: Operational Guidance for World Bank Staff.” World Bank Transport Paper No. 1. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/214578-1099319223335/20273720/tp-1_pp-roles.pdf International Experience with Highway PPP Projects; Main Lessons for Success • Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft LLP. “The Long and Winding Road – Highway Concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” London. http://www.cadwalader.com/assets/client_friend/100104LongWinding.pdf • WB and PPIAF. 2004. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Lesotho. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/FinalLesothoCFR.pdf/$FILE/FinalLesothoCFR.pdf

  25. WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Angola. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/AngolaCFR.pdf/$FILE/AngolaCFR.pdf • WB and PPIAF. 2005. “Private Solutions for Infrastructure in Rwanda. A Country Framework Report.” Washington, D.C. World Bank and PPIAF. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/ppiaf/activity.nsf/files/Rwanda%20CFR.pdf/$FILE/Rwanda%20CFR.pdf • Department of Transport, South Africa http://www.transport.gov.za/ • South African National Roads Agency http://www.nra.co.za/ • Transnet – South Africa’s passenger and freight transport operations http://www.transnet.co.za/ • European Commission. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.” Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/pppresourcebook.pdf

  26. Queiroz, C. 2005. “Launching Public Private Partnerships for Highways in Transition Economies.” TP-9. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTTRANSPORT/0,,contentMDK:20457516~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:337116,00.html • Eijbergen, B. L. J. 2005. “Potential for Public Private Partnerships in the Provision of Transport Infrastructure and Services Within the Russian Federation.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Draft Discussion Paper, January 2005. • World Bank. 2005. “A Strategy for Private Sector Participation in Russia’s Infrastructure Industries.” ECSIE. Unpublished. • PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2004. “Developing Public Private Partnerships in New Europe.” http://www.pwcglobal.com/ie/eng/about/svcs/corp_finance/pwc_ppp04.pdf • European Commission. 2004. “Resource Book on PPP Case Studies.” Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/pppresourcebook.pdf

  27. European Commission. 2003. “Guidelines for Successful Public-Private Partnerships.” European Commission. Directorate-General Regional Policy. Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/ppp_en.pdf • Bellier, M. and Zhou, Y. M. 2003. “Private Participation in Infrastructure in China”. Issues and Recommendations for the Road, Water, and Power Sector.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank and International Finance Corporation. • “Progress with Private Sector Participation.” World Bank and Highway Sector Financing in India Website: http://www.highwayfinindia.org/psp_indian_national.htm • Lorenzen, C.C., and Barrientos, M.E. 2001. “Toll Road Concessions: The Chilean Experience.” Private Finance and Guarantees Discussion Paper Series, No. 124. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGUARANTEES/Resources/TollRoads_Concessions.pdf • Engel, E., Fischer, R., and Galetovic, A. 2003. “Privatizing Highways in Latin America: Is It Possible to Fix What Went Wrong?” Yale University. Economic Growth Center. http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp866.pdf

  28. Silva, G. F. 2000. “Toll Roads: Recent Trends in Private Participation.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/224Silva-1211.pdf • Wang, E.C. 2005. “Mechanisms for Effective Deployment of the Private Sector in Transport Services in Infrastructure.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Unpublished. Laws, Rules and Contracts • EBRD. 2004. "Concession Assessment Project". Cover Analysis Report, prepared by Gide Loyrette Nouel for European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. London. http://www.ebrd.com/country/sector/law/concess/assess/report.pdf • Guasch, J. Luis. 2004. “Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions – Doing It Right.” World Bank Institute Development Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/05/06/000090341_20040506150118/Rendered/PDF/288160PAPER0Granting010renegotiating.pdf

  29. WB PPIAF. 2004. “Labor Issues in Infrastructure Reform.” http://www.ppiaf.org/Reports/LaborToolkit/Toolkit/ or http://rru.worldbank.org/Toolkits/Labor/Download.aspx Competitive Selection of Concessionaires • World Bank. 2004. “Procurement Under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits. Guidelines”. Washington, D.C. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROCUREMENT/Resources/Procurement-May-2004.pdf • Kerf, Michel, et.al. 1998. “Concessions for Infrastructure: A Guide to Their Design and Award.” World Bank Technical Paper No. 399. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/concessions_fulltoolkit.pdf

  30. Good Governance and Reducing Corruption in Highways Concessions • Queiroz, C. and Visser, A. 2001. "Corruption, Transport Infrastructure Stock and Economic Development." Infrastructure and Poverty Briefing for the World Bank Infrastructure Forum, CD-ROM. World Markets Research Centre Ltd. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://www2.udec.cl/~provial/expo/WB%20Infrast%20Forum%20May%202001%20TranspInfra&Corrup%20CQ%20AV.pdf • Transparency International. 2005. “Granting a Concession for the Trakia Motorway: Interim Report.” Sofia, Bulgaria. http://www.transparency-bg.org/?magic=0.5.71.2 • Transparency International and Social Accountability International. 2005. “The Business Principles for Countering Bribery. Framework for the Development of an Effective Anti-Corruption Policy.”http://www.transparency.org/building_coalitions/private_sector/business_principles.html • Transparency International. 2005. “Corruption in Construction”. From “Global Corruption Report. Special Focus: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Reconstruction.” http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/gcr2005/download.html

  31. PPP and Public Policy Requirements • Estache, A. and Serebrisky, T. 2004. “Where Do We Stand on Transport Infrastructure Deregulation and Public-Private Partnerships”. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Dealing with Unsolicited Proposals • Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - Competitive Solutions for Private Infrastructure.” Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note No 258. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/258Hodge-031103.pdf • Hodges, J. 2003. “Unsolicited Proposals - The Issues for Private Infrastructure Projects.” Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note No 257. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/257Hodge-031103.pdf

  32. PPPs and Fiscal Risks • Irwin, T. “Government Guarantees for Private Infrastructure.” (IEF. Unpublished). • HM Treasury. “Value for Money Appraisal Guidance.” London. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/documents/public_private_partnerships/key_documents/ppp_keydocs_vfm.cfm • Carruthers, R. and Basu, R. 2005. “The Theoretical and Practical Bases for Setting Road Tolls.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. (TUDTR. Unpublished). Other PPP Resources • World Bank/PPIAF Toolkit for PPP in Highways. http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/Toolkits/Highways/start.HTM • Private Participation in Infrastructure – Project Database http://ppi.worldbank.org/

  33. World Bank Knowledge Services for Private Sector Development Website. http://rru.worldbank.org/ • Public / Private Infrastructure Assistance Facility (PPIAF) http://ppiaf.org/index.htm • World Bank Guarantee Program Web site: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTFININSTRUMENTS/EXTGUARANTEES/0,,contentMDK:20267847~hlPK:545970~menuPK:64143502~pagePK:64143534~piPK:64143448~theSitePK:411474,00.html • The World Bank Guarantees. Leveraging Private Finance For Emerging Markets. Private Participation and Finance Department. Infrastructure Vice Presidency. http://intresources.worldbank.org/INTCOUNTECONOMICS/Resources/Newguaranteesbrochurejanuary2002.pdf • World Bank Operational Policy on Its Guarantee Program, OP 14.25: http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nsf/toc1/A505EC4B4C9EB1658525672C007D0976?OpenDocument • MIGA Infrastructure Web site: http://www.miga.org/sitelevel2/level2.cfm?id=1074

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