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The Life of a Plant

The Life of a Plant. Structure and Function Nutrition and Transport Control Systems Asexual Reproduction. Structure and Function. A. Cellular B. Tissues C. Organs. A. Cell types a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma_. B. Tissues. 1. Epidermis- covers & protects

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The Life of a Plant

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  1. The Life of a Plant Structure and Function Nutrition and Transport Control Systems Asexual Reproduction

  2. Structure and Function A. Cellular B. Tissues C. Organs

  3. A. Cell types a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma_

  4. B. Tissues 1. Epidermis- covers & protects 2. Vascular- transports a. xylem- water & minerals b. phloem- sugars 3. Ground- space filler a. cortex b. pith c. endodermis_

  5. C. Organs 1. Roots a. absorb water and nutrients b. anchor plant_

  6. 2. Stems a. support leaves b. transport food and nutrients_

  7. 3. Leaves a. site of photosynthesis b. waxy cuticle c. stomata w/guard cells_

  8. 4. Flowers • -attract pollinators • Four rings of modified leaves • Sepals • Petals • Stamens • -filament • -anther: pollen grains (male gametophytes) • Carpels(Pistil) • -stigma • -style • -ovary • -ovule: contains female gametophyte_

  9. Nutrition and Transport A. Source of Plant Mass B. Transporting Sap C. Alternate nutrition

  10. A. Source of Plant Mass • CO 2 • Water • Minerals • N-protein & nucleic acid synthesis • S-Protein synthesis • P-Nucleic acid & ATP synthesis • K-Protein synthesis; regulation of osmosis • Ca-Cell walls;Enzyme activity • Mg-Chlorophyll;enzyme activity_ click

  11. THE END

  12. Nutrition and Transport A. Source of Plant Mass B. Transporting Sap C. Alternate nutrition

  13. B. Transport of Sap • Roots absorb water & minerals • Surface area increased: • Root hairs • Micorrhizae • 1. Root pressure • Energy (ATP) used to accumulate minerals • Endodermis • Water enters via: • OSMOSIS_

  14. 2. Transpiration • Stronger than root pressure • Upward • Turgor pressure • Evaporative cooling • Loss 220L/hr in summer! • Stomata • Day-open, CO2in • Accumulate K+ • Night-close or when H2O loss. click Plants with tracheids are tracheophytes (aka vascular plants)_

  15. A. Flow of Phloem Sap • 1. Moves sucrose & other organic compounds • 2. Sieve tube members: • Alive but lose nuclei &other organelles, require companion cells to function_

  16. A. From Source to Sink • 1. source: leaves, sugar produced • 2. sink: sugar is used or stored • 3. Locations change w/seasons: • Beet taproots or potato tubers-sugar sink in summer • Early spring-source for growth of new stems or leaves

  17. Pressure Flow Mechanism Sugar is produced in the source (mature leaf) Actively transported into sieve tube member High concentration sugar: water follows by osmosis High pressure at source end Sink end: sugar leaves Water follows (flows from high pressure to low) Sap flows through phloem from high concentration & high H2O pressure to areas low sugar concentration & water pressure : FROM SOURCE TO SINK

  18. THE END

  19. Nutrition and Transport A. Source of Plant Mass B. Transporting Sap C. Alternate nutrition

  20. C. Alternate Nutrition 1. Carnivorous

  21. A. Alternate Nutrition 1. Carnivorous 2. Epiphytes

  22. A. Alternate Nutrition 1. Carnivorous 2. Epiphytes 3. Parasites

  23. A. Alternate Nutrition 1. Carnivorous 2. Epiphytes 3. Parasites

  24. THE END

  25. Vegetative propagation • Propagation by people Asexual Reproduction

  26. Asexual Reproduction • Clones a. Vegetative propagation • Runner (stolon)

  27. Asexual Reproduction • Clones • Vegetative propagation • Runner (stolon) • Rhizome

  28. Asexual Reproduction • Clones • Vegetative propogation • Runner (stolon) • Rhizome • Bulb

  29. Asexual Reproduction • Clones • Vegetative propogation • Runner (stolon) • Rhizome • Bulb • tuber

  30. b. Propagation by People • Cuttings • Layering • Grafting

  31. b. Propagation by People • Cuttings • Layering • Grafting • Tissue Culture

  32. THE END

  33. Plant Hormones • Plant Movements • Seasonal Responses Control Systems

  34. Control Systems a. Hormones (growth regulators) • Auxins-cell elongation • Can increase growth in numerous plant parts • Giberellins-increase elongation growth • Ehtylene- fruit ripening • Cytokinins-cell division • Absicisic acid-blocks growth • Promotes dormancy

  35. Tropisms Phototropism-light Thigmotropism-touch Gravitropism-gravity Chemotropism-pollen tube grows toward ovule Nastic Movements Thigmonastic Movement Nyctinastic movement_ b. Plant Movements

  36. c. Seasonal Responses • Photoperiodism • Critical Night Length • Vernalization • Fall Colors_

  37. THE END

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