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W. W. II

W. W. II. APUSH – Unit 7B R. M. Tolles The Global Crisis America in a World War. The Road to War: 1919-1939. The Versailles Treaty. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations. No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.

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W. W. II

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  1. W. W. II APUSH – Unit 7B R. M. Tolles The Global Crisis America in a World War

  2. The Road to War: 1919-1939

  3. The Versailles Treaty

  4. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations • No control of major conflicts. • No progress in disarmament. • No effective military force.

  5. The Great Depression

  6. Dictators Threaten World Peace Joseph Stalin (Totalitarian)- Soviet Union. People have no rights and the Government Suppresses all opposition Benito Mussolini (Fascism) – Italy. Similar to totalitarianism except this says the power falls mostly on one main leader Adolf Hitler (Nazism) – Germany. After WWI, Hitler rose to power and instituted his own form of fascism, called Nazism. Francisco Franco – Spain. Spanish General who started a civil war against the Spanish Gov’t Hideki Tojo – Military took over peaceful civilian government to spread Japans Reach for new markets and raw resources. Americas attitude during the 1920s and early 1930s was one of isolationism.

  7. The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

  8. U. S. Neutrality Acts:1934, 1935, 1937, 1939

  9. America-First Committee Charles Lindbergh

  10. AXIS POWERS • The three main Dictated countries got together and basically said “we are on the same team, we won’t attack each other” • Germany, Italy, and Japan • Russia was not part of this, mainly because Hitler hates Russia. • Germany and Soviet Union did sign a Non-Agression Pact in 1939, which allowed Hitler to concentrate on France and England. • The treaty they signed was called the Tripartite Pact.

  11. War in Europe Neville Chamberlain – British Prime Minister, Signed the Munich Agreement (or Pact) allowing Hitler to annex the Sudetenland. Winston Churchill - Chamberlain’s political rival in England. Thought Chamberlain had used appeasement with Hitler. Appeasement – Act of giving into the aggressor. Nonaggression pact – Signed between bitter enemies Hitler and Stalin. Said they wouldn’t attack each other Blitzkrieg – Germany. Means lightning war. Charles de Gaulle – French General, fled to England after France was taken over. Set up French Government in exile there. Treaty of Versailles – failure, created a climate for revenge and ethnocentrism.

  12. From 1930-1939 Hitler was getting everything he wanted; The Hitler-Stalin Non-aggression Pact, the Rome-Berlin Axis, and the Appeasement at Munich from the French and British.

  13. The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939 The National Front[Nationalists] The Popular Front[Republicans] • Anarcho-Syndicalists. • Basques. • Catalans. • Communists. • Marxists. • Republicans. • Socialists. • Carlists [ultra-Catholic monarchists]. • Catholic Church. • Falange [fascist] Party. • Monarchists.

  14. The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

  15. “Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

  16. 1. What impact did the appeasement policy of the United States, Britain, and France have onGerman aggression? A It encouraged more aggression. B It reduced aggression. C It restricted aggression to certain regions. D It brought peace to Europe. 2. Which political party rose to power in Germany during the 1930s? A the Communist Party B the Fascist Party C the Nazi Party D the Socialist Party 3. The League of Nations did not prevent German and Italian aggression against other nations because it A had no standing army and no real power to enforce its decrees. B supported German and Italian aggression. C focused only on Japanese aggression. D was already involved in the Spanish Civil War. 4. Roosevelt delivered his “Four Freedoms” speech to Congress in January 1941 to A increase economic support for Britain. B encourage Congress to support an immediate declaration of war. C persuade Congress to take a neutral position in the war. D appease Germany and other Axis Powers. The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

  17. 1. What impact did the appeasement policy of the United States, Britain, and France have onGerman aggression? A It encouraged more aggression. B It reduced aggression. C It restricted aggression to certain regions. D It brought peace to Europe. 2. Which political party rose to power in Germany during the 1930s? A the Communist Party B the Fascist Party C the Nazi Party D the Socialist Party 3. The League of Nations did not prevent German and Italian aggression against other nations because it A had no standing army and no real power to enforce its decrees. B supported German and Italian aggression. C focused only on Japanese aggression. D was already involved in the Spanish Civil War. 4. Roosevelt delivered his “Four Freedoms” speech to Congress in January 1941 to A increase economic support for Britain. B encourage Congress to support an immediate declaration of war. C persuade Congress to take a neutral position in the war. D appease Germany and other Axis Powers. The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

  18. The Holocaust After Germany’s attack on Poland (immediate cause of WWII), the Nazi’s implemented the Jewish solution. Kristallnacht – November 9-10. “Night of Broken Glass”. Terrorism inflicted on Jews. This marked a turning point in the Nazi policy toward Jews. Wannassee Conference – Hitler and others devised the Final Solution. Genocide – Systematic Killing of an entire population. Ghettos – Separate Jewish Areas in a city. Concentration Camps – Labor camps.

  19. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  20. The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

  21. France SurrendersJune, 1940

  22. A Divided France Henri Petain

  23. LEND LEASE ACT * • Cash and Carry – First attempt to help out Britain while making it look like we weren’t. • Britain out of money, looked to US for help. • First time the US had done anything to actively choose a side. • Many Americans supported FDR, and his policies. They would elect him 4 times, he would die in the fourth. * • Neutrality Acts – United States. Congress passed a number of laws to keep American Weapons out of warring countries. America wanted to stay out of wars involving other countries. FDR used the Lend Lease Act to get around these Acts and to help Churchill.*

  24. Lend-Lease

  25. OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION (OPA)‏ • This froze prices so that inflation wouldn’t occur. FDR established the Office of War Mobilization in 1943 to settle arguments between different agencies. * • Also raised income tax and made millions pay it who had never before. • Making consumers have less money to spend, reducing demand. • RATIONING * - Victory Gardens, War Bonds, Scrap Drives • WPA - decided to converts from peacetime to wartime industry. • Organized nationwide drives for tin cans, paper, etc…

  26. Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

  27. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

  28. ATLANTIC CHARTER • Winston Churchill* met with Roosevelt to talk about the United States joining the war. • Roosevelt said that he couldn’t ask congress for a war, but said the he was one the side of the English. • This conference called the Atlantic Charter* = document referred to as “A Declaration of the Untied Nations”

  29. The “Big Three” Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

  30. Axis Powers in 1942

  31. AMERICA ENTERS THE FIGHT • European Theatre – the war in Europe. • Churchill convinces FDR that Germany is more imminent threat • Germany starts attacking supply ships off the US east coast. • US used convoys again, but had much more military support, able to stop German WOLF PACKS (groups of German Submarines) * • Liberty Ships – Easy and Fast to build…. Built faster than Germans could destroy. *

  32. German Army Russian Army 1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns 13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks 894 tanks 1,216 planes 1,115 planes Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

  33. The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel,The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard LawMontgomery(“Monty”)‏

  34. 1 After declaring war, the United States government A repealed the Neutrality Act of 1939. a draft because few Americans wanted to fight in the war. C transformed peacetime industries into war industries. D withdrew economic support from Britain because it was no longer needed. 2. How did Roosevelt’s response to German aggression toward Britain differ from his response to Japanese aggression toward China? A He condemned the aggression toward China but not toward Britain. B He condemned the aggression toward Britain but not toward China. C He condemned both acts of aggression but provided support to Britain. D He remained neutral in both cases. 3. Which political party rose to power in Germany during the 1930s? A the Communist Party B the Fascist Party C the Nazi Party D the Socialist Party 4. Who appeared to be winning the war in Europe at the end of 1940? A Germany and Italy B Britain and France C the Soviet Union D the United States The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

  35. 1 After declaring war, the United States government A repealed the Neutrality Act of 1939. a draft because few Americans wanted to fight in the war. C transformed peacetime industries into war industries. D withdrew economic support from Britain because it was no longer needed. 2. How did Roosevelt’s response to German aggression toward Britain differ from his response to Japanese aggression toward China? A He condemned the aggression toward China but not toward Britain. B He condemned the aggression toward Britain but not toward China. C He condemned both acts of aggression but provided support to Britain. D He remained neutral in both cases. 3. Which political party rose to power in Germany during the 1930s? A the Communist Party B the Fascist Party C the Nazi Party D the Socialist Party 4. Who appeared to be winning the war in Europe at the end of 1940? A Germany and Italy B Britain and France C the Soviet Union D the United States The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

  36. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER • Commander of Operation Torch, through Axis controlled North Africa • Fought General Erwin Rommel until 1943 when Allies won N. Africa. • After North Africa, the United States helped invade Italy. Defeated Italy, Mussolini forced out of office, Germany continued the fight in Italy. • D-Day – Allied invasion of fortress Europe

  37. Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]

  38. D-Day (June 6, 1944)‏

  39. Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944)‏ German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts

  40. July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot Major Claus vonStauffenberg

  41. July 25, 1944 - Bradley made a huge land and air attack on German lines. This made way for GENRAL GEORGE PATTON to make his way through and secured the rest of France

  42. Battle of the Bulge • Germany's last effort to fight back • Gen. McAuliffe and “Nuts” – American resolve to win the war at all costs. • Threw all they had at Allies • Germany lost after a one month battle, losing so many men and so much equipment, they could not recover.

  43. Yalta: February, 1945 • FDR wants quick Soviet entry into Pacific war. • FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak Germany. • Churchill wants strong Germany as bufferagainst Stalin. • FDR argues for a ‘United Nations’.

  44. Potsdam Conference: July, 1945 • FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference. • Stalin only original. • The United States has the A-bomb. • Allies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones • Poland moved around to suit the Soviets. P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin

  45. The Code Breakers of WW II The Japanese “Purple” [naval] Code Machine Bletchley Park The German “Enigma” Machine

  46. 1. Which of the following took place at the Teheran Conference? A Roosevelt deferred to Churchill in all discussions with Stalin. B Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to attack Germany on the Western Front. C The leaders agreed that the German U-boat presence was small in the Atlantic. D Stalin asked for more landing craft, more equipment, and better-trained soldiers. 2. After the United States declared war, the nation’s economic situation A improved. B stalled. C worsened. D remained unchanged. 3. Hitler’s economic persecution of Jews in Germany involved A putting Jews into death camps. B barring Jews from working in civil service. C teaching “racial science” courses in schools. D prohibiting marriage between Jews and non-Jews. 4. Many Jews were prevented from leaving Germany because A U.S. officials denied them the right to leave the country. B transportation to other countries was too expensive. C some countries refused to accept them during the Great Depression. D they needed to stay to protect their businesses and families. The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

  47. 1. Which of the following took place at the Teheran Conference? A Roosevelt deferred to Churchill in all discussions with Stalin. B Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to attack Germany on the Western Front. C The leaders agreed that the German U-boat presence was small in the Atlantic. D Stalin asked for more landing craft, more equipment, and better-trained soldiers. 2. After the United States declared war, the nation’s economic situation A improved. B stalled. C worsened. D remained unchanged. 3. Hitler’s economic persecution of Jews in Germany involved A putting Jews into death camps. B barring Jews from working in civil service. C teaching “racial science” courses in schools. D prohibiting marriage between Jews and non-Jews. 4. Many Jews were prevented from leaving Germany because A U.S. officials denied them the right to leave the country. B transportation to other countries was too expensive. C some countries refused to accept them during the Great Depression. D they needed to stay to protect their businesses and families. The Class must get 3 out of 4 to get a point…

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