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Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology

Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology. dr Iwona Kokorniak (with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth ) 25th September 200 8. English nasals : Voicing. All voiced!. The nasals. /m/ voiced bilabial nasal /n/ voiced alveolar nasal /ŋ/ voiced velar nasal.

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Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology

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  1. Descriptive Grammarof EnglishPart 1:Phoneticsand Phonology dr Iwona Kokorniak (with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth) 25thSeptember 2008

  2. English nasals: Voicing All voiced!

  3. The nasals • /m/ voiced bilabial nasal • /n/ voiced alveolar nasal • /ŋ/ voiced velar nasal

  4. no /k/ or /g/at the end!!! The velar nasal in English bank/bæŋk/ sink/sɪŋk/ bang/bæŋ/ sing/sɪŋ/ but

  5. Oral and nasal stops

  6. Velic vs. velar closure

  7. Approximants: Articulation • The active articulator approaches the passive articulator... • ...but the opening is quite wide... • ...and no friction results

  8. The approximants

  9. English approximants /lrw j/ wait /weɪt/ yes /jes/

  10. The approximants • /j/ voiced palatal approximant • /w/ voiced labio-velar approximant • /r/ voiced retroflex approximant • /l/ voiced alveolar approximant

  11. Eng. approximants – Voicing All voiced!

  12. The lateral /l/ • Full contact between the tongue tip and the alveolar ridge • But air escapes along the sides of the tongue

  13. The lateral stop/approximant? • Full contact: stop • Sides of the tongue approach the palate: approximant

  14. The rhotic /r/ • Post-alveolar approximant • Standard IPA symbol: [ɹ]

  15. Retroflex /r/ • In some varieties of English, esp. AmEng • The tip of the tongue may be curled up • Called retroflex/r/ [ ɻ ]

  16. [ɹ] [ ɻ ] Retroflex /r/

  17. Rhoticity • Standard British English, Australian, New Zealand etc.are non-rhotic • /r/ pronouncedonly before a vowel

  18. All varieties right/raɪt/ pride/praɪd/ bury/'beri/

  19. Non-rhotic varieties car/kɑː/ stored/stɔːd/ word/wɜːd/

  20. Rhotic varieties • Standard American, Canadian, Scottish, Irish, etc. are rhotic • /r/ pronouncedwherever it’s spelled

  21. Semivowels /j w/ • Artic. very similar to /i: u:/ • But only used before vowels

  22. Where /j/ is transcribed young/jʌŋ/ beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ AmEng /bɪˈjɑ:nd/

  23. Where /w/ is transcribed one / won/wʌn/ rewind /rɪˈwaɪnd/

  24. But not after vowels my/maɪ/ NOT /maj/ how/haʊ/ NOT /haw/

  25. Polish vs. English consonants

  26. Polish affricates:Zillions! cech/tsex/ wodza/ˈvɔdza/ cieć/tɕetɕ/ dzieci/ˈdʑetɕi/

  27. Why is it good to know? English/h/glottal Polish /x/velar chata/'xata/ Different!!!

  28. More Polish fricatives Alveolo-palatal miś/miɕ/ maź/maɕ/ ziele /ˈʑele/

  29. The velar nasal in Polish ręka/'reŋka/ gęgać/'geŋgatɕ/ bąk/bɔŋk/

  30. Additional Polish nasal Palatal niania /'ɲaɲa/ koń/kɔɲ/

  31. Compare! Velar Palatal Eng, Pol Pol only ŋɲ

  32. Polish vs. English consonants - examples

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