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The Biosphere

The Biosphere. Investigating an ecosystem. What you should know. h_______, a______ and p______ are the main parts of an e__________. The place where an organism lives is its ______ A p__________ is a group made up of the _____ species

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The Biosphere

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  1. The Biosphere Investigating an ecosystem

  2. What you should know • h_______, a______ and p______ are the main parts of an e__________. • The place where an organism lives is its ______ • A p__________ is a group made up of the _____ species • A c__________ is __ the populations of plants and animals in a _________ area. • An e__________ is the c________ plus the non living environment (_______) abitat nimals lants cosystem habitat opulation same ommunity all particular cosystem ommunity habitat

  3. sampling uadrats itfall • Two ________ techniques are • Q________ and P_____ traps • Errors in sampling • __ _______ samples taken • Samples ___ _____ together • D_________ _______ of sample sites • Reducing errors • Take _____ samples (improves r________) • Take r_______ samples not enough too close eliberate placing eliability many andom

  4. iving ompetition redation living biotic • Biotic factors are l_______ • Examples are p________ and c________ • A_______ factors are non ______ • Examples are t__________, __ , l_____ _________ and m________ Measuring abiotic factors M_________ levels and l____ _______ can be measured using a light and moisture meter emperature pH ight intensity oisture oisture ight intensity

  5. tabilise • Reducing errors taking readings • Allow meterneedles to s_______ before reading • Use the meters in the _____ way each time e.g. push the moisture p____ into the _____ d_____ • Avoid casting a ________ over light meters • When comparing different places make sure readings are taken under s_______ conditions • Take a _______ of readings and work out an a_________. This ________ reliabilty same robe same epth shadow imilar number verage improves

  6. habitat √ √ population √

  7. A E B F All the members of one species (living together in an area)

  8. habitat community population

  9. √ √

  10. 12 5

  11. As you move away from the tree the number of daisies increases Light intensity/moisture is the same 150 x 9 = 1350 1350

  12. spiders beetles flies

  13. 150 x 36% (0.36) = 54 Flies : spiders 60% : 5% 60 ÷5 : 5 ÷5 12 1

  14. Beetles / spiders /ants Pitfall traps Flies - pooters √

  15. 18+8+1+9+24 = 60 Average = 60 ÷ 5 = 12 12

  16. Decrease because of shortcut Not affected by shortcut Improves reliability

  17. Cross leaved heather grows better when moisture is higher

  18. Many quadrats / repeat process many times Push probe into same depth/ read top scale/ read meter with probe still in soil/ wipe probe between raedings

  19. Common : cross leaved 75 : 10 Divide by 5 75 ÷ 5 : 10 ÷ 5 15 : 2

  20. size or area of sheet / force or duration of shaking / number of times shaken / height of branches shaken size or age of tree / position of tree / time of year

  21. some fly away or walk away or escape / some are not dislodged / some live on other parts of tree / upper branches not sampled using moisture meter probe damp / dirty wipe probe using light meter casting shadow avoid standing over meter

  22. laurel rowan Leaf made of one part + leaf edge wavy

  23. brown long + thin flat grooved egg wrack twisted bladder wrack

  24. sea lettuce is green/ spiral wrack is brown sea lettuce is flat / spiral wrack is twisted both are brown with bladders in pairs

  25. Hydrophyes lotus elodea Leaves on or above surface roots in soil Round leaves

  26. Go to 4 Black wing tip Go to 3 Wood white Red admiral White wing tip

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