Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood

1. Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood BIOL 103, Chapter 13-2

2. Today’s Topics • Adolescence (Part 2) • Adult/Mature Adult

3. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents • Fitness and Sports • Can provide __________ for learning about nutrition and improve daily habits • Acne • Investigating the connections between diets and acne • Examples: • Eating disorders • Becomes preoccupied with weight, appearance, and eating habits. • Not just a ____________________

4. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents • Obesity • Risk factors: • Physical: • Developing high blood pressure • Abnormal blood glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes • _______________________________________ __________________________________________ • Psychological: • ______________________________

5. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents • Tobacco, alcohol, recreational drug • Period of experimentation • Alcohol and drug use may _______________ adequate food intake • Teens who use drugs are usually underweight and report __________________ • Marijuana  ___________________ • Tobacco  ____________________ • Alcohol  _____________________

6. Staying Young While Growing Older • Age-related changes • Weight and body composition • Add _________; lose _________________ • Overweight/obese  ____________________ • Underweight  ______________________________ • Physical activity • Loss of lean body mass  reduced muscle and skeletal strength • Regular physical activities reduces _______________ and improves __________________

7. Staying Young While Growing Older • Age-related concerns (cont.): • Immunity • Decline in _______________ mechanisms around 40-50 yrs old • Examples: • Increased risk for urinary tract infections, upper respiratory illness (pneumonia, influenza) • Taste and smell • Decline in sensitivity  thus, increases intake foods _________________________________ • Better to serve foods with stronger flavors and odors over bland food.

8. Staying Young While Growing Older • Age-related concerns (cont.): • Gastrointestinal changes • Reduced ________ production  _____________ and food is not well prepared for digestion • Reduced acid secretion (HCl and pepsin)  ______ efficient food digestion and allow the devlopment of ____________  interfere with _____ absorption • ____________ GI motility  constipation, bloating, sense of fullness

9. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult • Energy • Reduced calorie needs • Decreased lean body mass • Physical activity increases _________ requirements while also helping to _________ some loss in lean mass. • Protein • ________ needs per kg body weight as younger adults

10. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult • Carbohydrate • 45-65% of calories in diet (high-carb) • Fiber  prevents constipation and diverticulosis, reduce risk for _____________, promote healthy body weight • Fat • Maintain a moderate _______________ • Water • ____________ thirst response  dehydration • Fluid recommendations are ______ as younger adults

11. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult • Vitamins of concern • Vitamin D • Needed for bone health, calcium balance  if not, osteoporosis • ________________ reduced skin synthesis and activation of vitamin D • _______________ needs compared to younger adults • B vitamins • Reduced ability to absorb ___________ • ____________________ may help reduce heart disease risk • Should consume B12 fortified foods and supplements

12. Nutrient Needs for Mature Adults • Antioxidants • Found in fruits and vegetables • Important to _______ oxidative stress and ________________ such as cataracts, Alzheimer, and macular degeneration. • May protect against damage to the ______

13. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult • Minerals of concern • ______________: Bone health • Reasons: • Many elders may be __________________ • _____________ ability to absorb calcium (less vitamin D receptors in the gut) • _____________: Immunity and wound healing • _________________ deficiencies likely • Avoid excess supplementation (mineral competition, interferes with immune system) • ______________ • Elders may have limited intake

14. Figure 13.16 Micronutrients of particular concern for older people As we age, our energy needs decline, but our vitamin and mineral needs ________________ This makes _____________ foods especially important for older adults.

15. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults • Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions • Can affect use of ____________________ • Herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals supplementation in high doses should be viewed as drugs • Possible interactions should be identified and avoided • Depression • Common among institutionalized and low-income seniors • May reduce ________________ • _______________ can interfere with nutrient usage

16. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults • Anorexia of aging • Loss of appetite with __________ • Can lead to __________________ malnutrition • Arthritis (pain and swelling in joints) • May interfere with _____________ and ________ • _________________ may interfere with nutrient absorption • ___________________ and dietary changes may improve symptoms

17. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults • Bowel and bladder regulation • Increased risk of ______________________ • Chronic _____________ more common with age • Need for increased ____________________________ • Dental health • Tooth loss, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain may interfere with ____________________ or _________________

18. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults • Vision Problems • Can affect ability to shop and cook • __________ may reduce ___________________ • Anti-oxidants in green leafy vegetables can help prevent free radical damage and may protect the eye • Osteoporosis • Common in elders, especially _______________ • Maintain calcium, vitamin D, and ____________

19. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults • Alzheimer’s disease – accumulation of plaques in certain regions of the brain and degeneration of a certain class of neurons • Affects _______________ to obtain, prepare, and consume an optimal diet. • Reduced ______________________ • Risk for weight loss and malnutrition

20. Meal Management for Mature Adults • Managing independence • Finding community resources • Service for elders • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________