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Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering. Unit 2-4 Notes Mr. Hefti – Pulaski Biology. Selective Breeding. Produces domestic animals and new varieties of plants with desirable traits Healthier meat from animals bred to contain less fat Fruits and vegetables Larger Sweeter Hardier Juicier.

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Genetic Engineering

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  1. Genetic Engineering Unit 2-4 Notes Mr. Hefti – Pulaski Biology

  2. Selective Breeding • Produces domestic animals and new varieties of plants with desirable traits • Healthier meatfrom animals bred to contain less fat • Fruits and vegetables • Larger • Sweeter • Hardier • Juicier

  3. Selective Breeding • Cross bean plant producing many podswith bean plant resisting fungal infections • Result? Seeds that grow into bean plants with many pods and fungus resistance

  4. Selective Breeding • Classic example is in dog breeding • Genes from different breeds crossed to produce new breeds with desirable traits • Olfaction – blood hound • Speed – grayhound • Long body – dachshund • Strength – bulldog • Herding – sheepdog

  5. Pros & Cons Selective breeding + Inexpensive + Low tech - Not always guaranteed to get desired traits Genetic engineering + Guaranteed to get desired traits - Expensive + / -High tech - Controversial

  6. Diabetes

  7. Q: How is human insulin made for diabetics? A: Genetic engineering (altering an organism’s DNA to serve a purpose)

  8. Step 1 – Isolate bacterial DNA (plasmid) Step 2 – Cut open plasmid w/ restriction enzymes

  9. Step 3 – Isolate human DNA of interest Step 4 – Place human and bacteria DNA fragments together

  10. Step 5 – Join fragments together using other enzymes Step 6 – Insert into bacteria and let them make copies asexually and carry out instructions of genetic code.

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