1 / 39

Satellite Capabilities for Water Resource/Quality Mapping 27 May 2013 Mark Kapfer C-Core

Satellite Capabilities for Water Resource/Quality Mapping 27 May 2013 Mark Kapfer C-Core. Presentation Overview. Satellite characteristics and capabilities. Lake Winnipeg activities. Higher spatial resolution product examples. Services we offer. Chlorophyll-a Product.

ermin
Télécharger la présentation

Satellite Capabilities for Water Resource/Quality Mapping 27 May 2013 Mark Kapfer C-Core

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Satellite Capabilities for Water Resource/Quality Mapping 27 May 2013 Mark Kapfer C-Core

  2. Presentation Overview • Satellite characteristics and capabilities • Lake Winnipeg activities • Higher spatial resolution product examples • Services we offer Chlorophyll-a Product

  3. What can be Measured? Satellite Capabilities • Water Quality • Chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, total suspended solids (TSS), Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), turbidity/clarity • Water Quantity • Areal extent, water level • Other • Temperature, bathymetry, submerged/emergent vegetation, land use/veg

  4. Our focus? Satellite Capabilities • Water Quality • Chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity/clarity

  5. How is it Measured Sensor Characteristics: Spectral Bands: Discriminate features of interest Our main focus of this presentation is on the Visible Light section of the Electromagnetic-Spectrum Electromagnetic-Spectrum

  6. How is it Measured Sensor Characteristics: Resolution: Level of Spatial Detail Swath Width: size of area that can be mapped in one pass Frequency of Revisit: Time between passes of Satellite

  7. Earth Observation Earth Observation Satellites • Can generalize them into: • Ocean Colour Missions • Low Resolution, Wide Swath Widths • Sensors designed for water quality • Land Mapping Missions • Moderate/High Resolution, Limited Swath Width • Sensors designed for land resources

  8. Water (Satellite) Sensors Designed for Ocean Colour Missions • MODIS (Current) • Near-Real Time (< 3.5 hrs) • 2300km at 1km res • 1- 2 days frequency • Chlorophyll-a, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity/clarity • MERIS (Stopped operating in spring 2012) • Near-real Time (< 3 hrs) • 2300 km at 300m res • 3 days frequency • Chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity/calrity

  9. Water (Satellite) Sensors Designed for Ocean Colour Missions (Water) • Sentinel-3 (Future: 2014) • Near-real Time (< 3 hrs) • 1300 km at 300m res • 3 days frequency (1 satellite); 1.4 days (2 satellites) • Water Quality • Chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity/clarity

  10. Water (Satellite) Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) • RADARSAT-2 (2007-Present) a) RADARSAT-2 Wide beam, dual pol. image (VV, VH) acquired Sept. 4 2008; 00:08 (UTC) (or Sept 3, 19:08 CDT), ASC orbit, near range distance 25.46 incident angle. b) MODIS Aqua quick-look image, Sept 3, 2009 18:55 UTC (or Sept 3 13:55 CDT) showing extensive bloom.

  11. Land (Satellite) Sensor Designed for Land Missions (dozens current/planned) • Current: • LANDSAT 185km at 30m, SPOT 60 km at 10-20m • WorldView-2 18km at 2m • Future: • Sentinel 2 290km at 20m • Importance: • High and moderate level of detail • Not optimized for WQ, but getting better (Sentinel) • Constellations improve frequency (daily) MODIS Landsat

  12. Spectral band Selection Visible Light Sentinel-3 will launch 2014 Includes all 15 MERIS bands plus 400, 673.75, 764.375, 767.5, 940, 1020nm MERIS bands

  13. Advances in Spectral Band Selection VIIRS and SeaWifs, and higher spatial resolution systems like Landsat rely on band ratios in the blue range (blue coded cells). Affected by TSS. MERIS and MODIS channels allow Fluorescence Line Height (FLH) and Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) to be derived (brown coded cells). Not available with SeaWifs or VIIRS. Visible Light

  14. Advances in Spectral Band Selection Why are Fluorescence Line Height (FLH) and Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) important? FLH allow a user to visualize estimates of distribution and concentration of Chlorophyll-a. MCI allow a user to visualize areas of intense plankton blooms

  15. How is FLH Measured? Fluorescence Line Height: Is an algorithm that measures Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Fluorescence peak over 680nm above a linear baseline It is calculated by taking the radiance in band 8 above the baseline formed between band 7 (665nm) and band 9 (709nm) MODIS Chlorophyll-a productderivedfrom FLH

  16. How is MCI Measured? Maximum Chlorophyll Index: Is an algorithm measures the height of the phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence peak near 705nm above a linear baseline. It is calculated as the radiance in band 9 above a baseline formed by linear interpolation between the radiances in band 8 (681nm) and band 10 (753nm) MERIS Chlorophyll-a productderivedfrom MCI

  17. Why Lake Winnipeg? Water quality is the major issue. Victoria Beach on Lake Winnipeg fouled by blue-green algae

  18. Lake Winnipeg Site • The world’s 10th largest freshwater lake (area): • ~ 428 km long, 24,390 sqkm. • The world’s third largest reservoir • (re: Hydroelectric). • Drainage basin: ~1,000,000 sqkm and covers 4 provinces and 4 states. • Plays a critical role in tourism, recreation, commercial and sport fisheries, and hydroelectric generation in Manitoba. Gov.mb.ca

  19. Why is Lake Winnipeg Sick? • Increased loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, particularly in the south basin from the Red River and the Winnipeg River. • The emergence of large algal blooms, more common in the north basin. • The production of toxins by algae. • The invasion of aquatic species into the lake. Wikipedia • Climate change.

  20. The Systems In Flowing Rivers Drainage River

  21. Lake Winnipeg Site • Over 50% of all Nitrogen and Phosphorus that enter Lake Winnipeg come directly from the Red River and the Winnipeg River into the South Basin • The South Basin is relatively shallow, ~11m maximum depth • Despite heavy loads of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the South Basin, the main Phytoplankton blooms occur in the North Basin • 60% of all Nitrogen and Phosphorus stay in Lake Winnipeg while only 40% get flushed out through the Nelson River

  22. Lake Winnipeg Site • Water Quality products are very specific to a given lake. Lake Winnipeg is a special lake for a variety of reasons. • In order to properly calibrate, there needs to be “ground” validation. • Buoy networks (shown on the right), insitu data with weather stations, cruise data collecting values. • Values include wind speed, wind direction, wave heights, sea surface temperature etc… Buoy Locations Wind is a major factor in Vertical Mixing

  23. Lake Winnipeg Site Service Specifics Indicator parameters - Temperature, chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, turbidity, total dissolved solids, (areal extent, level) - 300 m to 1km resolutions, various concentration thresholds Sensor Measurement Frequency (What we had planned) MODIS daily (Cloud dependent) MERIS 3 days (Cloud dependent) RADARSAT-2 daily

  24. Lake Winnipeg Site Service Specifics Turnaround times • Hours Factors • Daylight, atmospheric constituents, wind effects, cloud free, ice free Impact • Wide area measurement

  25. Lake Winnipeg Outputs Chlorophyll- a This refers to the estimation of Chlorophyll-a. The output is a geotiff format. This product allows users to visualize the location of high concentrations of Chlorophyll-a and monitor it as it moves throughout the area. Chlorophyll

  26. Lake Winnipeg Chlorophyll Animation A powerful use of satellite remote sensing is to use its regular revisit to monitor annual and inter-annual trends in water quality indicators. This animation is showing MODIS chlorophyll-a time series during the 2012 season. Most of the nitrogen loads come from two of the main rivers feeding from the south and the west. Vertical Mixing occurs throughout.

  27. Lake Winnipeg Outputs Total Suspended Solids This refers to the amount of matter within a given area of water. TSS is composed of mineral matter (sediment/soil), phytoplankton etc… Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

  28. Lake Winnipeg Outputs Water/Sea Surface Temperature Refers to the temperature of the water close to the surface. This can be calculated by thermal infrared instruments which are carried on MODIS, VIIRS, and the future Sentinel-3 mission. Water/Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

  29. Lake Winnipeg Outputs MERIS image acquired Sept 3, 2008, 16:44 UTC (or 11:44 CDT), classified to show chlorophyll (mg/l). b) Same classified image with a different lookup table to highlight variations within areas ≥ 50mg/l. Anything above 50 mg/l is classified as a bloom.

  30. Lake Winnipeg Outputs Blue Green Algae MERIS was the only data source that can directly detect cyanobacteria with it’s unique 620 nm channel. This is a potential product with the Sentinel-3

  31. How the Service is Delivered Data Flow NASA MODIS ESA MWRSD Login EC / DFO End to end, from time of acquisition to the time of being available online, the entire process takes under 6 hours Product Creation OTHER

  32. Delivery System

  33. Delivery System

  34. Delivery System

  35. Delivery System

  36. Setting up a Monitoring Program • Selecting an appropriate lake • Selecting the products (Chlorophyll-a, TSS, SST) • Ground truth (to refine algorithm) for specific lake

  37. Setting up a Training Program • Interactive Training Tools • Customized Training Packages • Self Paced Learning • Dynamic, allows user to choose what they want rather than end to end • Quizzes to reinforce what is being learned • Modular (can add content to reflect new material, new focus)

  38. Setting up a Training Program

  39. Thank you for your time 27 May 2013 Mark Kapfer C-Core

More Related