Entry 23 3/1

1. Entry 23 3/1

2. Entry 23 3/1 After viewing the picture, describe the inner make-up of a cell. Include everything you saw and what you didn’t see and already know about.

3. Intro videos and animations • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMIDUPG6c9o • Inner workings of a cell • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28732-assignment-discovery-elements-of-cells-video.htm • http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

4. Unit 5 – Cell Structure

5. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28732-assignment-discovery-elements-of-cells-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28732-assignment-discovery-elements-of-cells-video.htm

6. Important Scientists • Robert Hooke – First to observe cells – looked at cork and gave individual units the name “cells”

7. Important Scientists • Anton von Leeuwenhoek – First to observe living cells – looked at scrapings from his cheek

8. Cell Theory • 1. All organisms are made of cells • 2. Cells are the structural and functional units of organisms. • 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

9. Types of cells: • Prokaryotic: Small simple cells that are BACTERIA; do NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; • Contain a single chromosome and rings of DNA known as plasmids

10. Eukaryotic: • Eukaryotic: Larger more COMPLEX cells that form plants, animals, fungi and protists; • Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

11. Structures in All Cells • Cell membrane – forms the barrier to separate inside the cell from the outside environment

12. Structures in All Cells • Cytoplasm – the filling of the cell, mostly water

13. Structures in All Cells • DNA – molecule with directions to control the cell

14. Structures in All Cells • Ribosome – organelle that builds proteins

15. Microscope and Cheek Cells • Answer in your journal under today’s entry • Bring prepared slide and cover-slip to front for stain • CLEAN-UP • Through slide and coverslip away in the glass container in the back

16. Take out a HALF sheet of paper for… TICKET IN THE DOOR

17. Ticket out the Door • Sketch this cell. • Label it as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. • Label the four parts that all cells have.

18. Entry 24 3/4

19. Entry 24 3/4 • What causes strep throat? • bacteria • What type of cell? • prokaryotic • How do you get rid of strep throat? • antibiotics

20. HONORS • How do you think antibiotics work? • Recognize cell wall of bacteria because cell wall is made out of proteins which are shape specific, Break the cell wall down; this allows water to move into the cell which will cause the bacteria to burst

21. Cell Organelles- do the work of the cells • Nucleus(Found only in eukaryotic) – region containing and protecting the DNA

22. Cell Membrane • (Found in ALL cells) – made of two layers of phospholipids – controls what exits/enters; SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

23. Ribosomes • (Found in ALL cells) – provides a place for amino acids to be joined into a protein

24. Lysosome • (found in eukaryotic cells) – contains digestive enzymes to digest waste and cell structures

25. ER (endoplasmic reticulum): change proteins, detoxify alcohol and communication • Golgi Body/Complex: packaging center

26. Vacuole • Membrane used to store food, water or waste

27. Mitochondria • has folded inner membrane for more surface to create energy during respiration

28. Organelles interact with each other to carry out cell functions: • Examples: • DNA codes for proteins which are made at the ribosome, these proteins can then be used as enzymes in the mitochondria

29. How are plant and animal cells different?PLANT Cell Structures Cell wall (plants): rigid structure made of cellulose to support plant cells Chloroplast (plants): has stacks of membranes for more surface area to create food during photosynthesis

30. Structure found ONLY in animal cell Centriole: helps with cell division; found only in animals

31. Plant vs. Animal Cells

32. But what else do plant cells contain? But what else do animal cells contain? Plant vs. Animal Cell Clip

33. Cell Rap Video – state of mind

34. Cell Catalog Example MITOCHONDRIA Function = This is the site of Cellular Respiration STERNGRR function = Respiration Type of Cell = Both Sales Pitch = I am the powerhouse of the cell!

35. Take out a HALF sheet of paper for… TICKET IN THE DOOR

36. Ticket Out the Door - Honors 1. Bacteria are examples of ________ cells because they do NOT have a nucleus. 2. Our cells are __________ because we have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. 3. EVERY cell has four things in common: a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and ______. 4. The energy maker of the cell is the _________.

37. Ticket Out the Door • Word bank: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, DNA, Ribosome • 1. Bacteria are examples of ________ cells because they do NOT have a nucleus. • 2. Our cells are __________ becaue we have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • 3. EVERY cell has four things in common: a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and ______. • 4. The energy maker of the cell is the _________.

38. Ticket out the door • Sketch the following organelles. • Label its name and function. • Identify what type of cell this would be in. (ALL cells, only prokaryotic, only eukaryotic, only plant or only animal)

39. Cell Rap Video – state of mind

40. Entry 25 3/6 Answer in complete sentences • Why is the cell wall and large vacuole necessary for a plant cell and not an animal cell. • Explain why the folded membranes of the mitochondria and the stacked membranes of the chloroplast are important.

41. Cell Communication • Short distance: Cells that touch or have a very small distance can use chemical or electrical signals

42. Long distance: • communication across long distances require long-lasting chemicals like hormones

43. Honors • FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/cellcom/

44. Cell Communication RESEARCH • Log on to the following website • http://bit.ly/YNpZGq • http://sciencenetlinks.com/esheets/cell-communication/ • Scroll Down to where it reads… • “Use these resources to help you research multiple sclerosis and diabetes and answer the questions on the Diseases of Faulty Cell Communication student sheet.” • Use those websites to answer the questions

45. Entry 26 3/7Copy the information and draw pictures CELL SPECIALIZATION Cells will differentiate into different types of cells Cells are shaped according to function Nerve Cell Skin Cell

46. If all living organisms are made of cells, then what makes them so different? • cells are SPECIALIZED, this means their structure fits their function. Cells throughout the organism perform different jobs . • The cells of multicellular organisms have the SAME DNA, but some of their genes are turned on, and some turned off. This allows cells to be specialized.

47. EXAMPLES: • Red blood cells are specialized with the protein hemoglobin to transport oxygen. • Nerve cells are long and thin and have extensions to send messages • Muscle cells have LOTS of mitochondria because they need a TON of energy. • Sperm cells have a flagella to swim toward the egg • Some plants have XYLEM cells, they are long thin tubes to carry water.

48. STEM cells: • Cells that have not yet become specialized or differentiated. Under the right environment they can become any type of cell. • Embryos contain stem cells. • Stem cells found in adult organisms, like in bone marrow, are called adult stem cells

49. Cell specialization Brain pop video • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078694639/164155/00035805.html

50. Ticket Out the Door • Match the cell organelle with the correct function • 1. Mitochondria • 2. Chloroplast • 3. Cell Membrane • 4. Ribosomes • 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum • 6. Golgi Body • 7. Lysosomes • 8. Vacuole • A. digestion • B. protein synthesis • C. regulates what enters and leaves the cell • D. packages • E. Storage • F. Energy (Respiration) • G. Photosynthesis • H. Synthesize lipids and proteins, transport, and communicate