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Gender Roles and Identities: Exploring Societal Attitudes and Behaviors

This chapter explores gender roles and identities, examining societal expectations and behaviors associated with the sexes. Topics include gender identity, agentic and communal character traits, intersexuality, transsexuality, male dominance, old-fashioned and modern sexism, hormones, structural constraints, Huber's theory of gender stratification, borderwork, and androgyny.

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Gender Roles and Identities: Exploring Societal Attitudes and Behaviors

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  1. Chapter 4 Our Gendered Identities Key Terms

  2. gender roleSocietal attitudes and behaviors expected of and associated with the sexes. • gender identityThe degree to which an individual sees herself or himself as feminine or masculine based on society's definitions of appropriate gender roles.

  3. agentic (instrumental) character traitsTraits such as confidence, assertiveness, and ambition that enable them to accomplish difficult tasks or goals. • communal (expressive) character traitsWarmth, sensitivity, the ability to express tender feelings, and placing concern about others’ welfare above self-interest.

  4. intersexualChildren born with some anatomical, chromosomal or hormonal variation from the male or female biology that is considered normal. • transsexualsPeople raised as one sex while emotionally identifying with the other.

  5. male dominanceA situation in which the male(s) in a dyad or group assume authority over the female(s). • old-fashioned (traditional) sexismBelieving that women’s roles should be confined to family roles and that women are not as fit as men for certain tasks or leadership positions.

  6. modern sexismDenies that gender discrimination persists and believes that women are probably asking too much now. • hormonesChemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands; influence the activities of cells, tissues and body organs.

  7. structural constraintsEstablished and customary rules, policies and day-to-day practices that affect a person’s life chances. • Huber’s theory of gender stratificationExamines three social stages that vary greatly in the roles and status assigned to men and women.

  8. borderworkCross-sexual interaction rituals that are based on and reaffirm boundaries and differences between girls and boys. • androgynySocial and psychological condition by which individuals think, feel and behave in ways associated with both masculine and feminine roles.

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