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MSW Conversion Technologies: Status in Summer 2012 Presented to the Board of Directors of the Municipal Review Commit

MSW Conversion Technologies: Status in Summer 2012 Presented to the Board of Directors of the Municipal Review Committee, Inc. August 1, 2012. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies: MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012. Goal: Monitor emerging MSW conversion technologies for

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MSW Conversion Technologies: Status in Summer 2012 Presented to the Board of Directors of the Municipal Review Commit

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  1. MSW Conversion Technologies: Status in Summer 2012 Presented to the Board of Directors of the Municipal Review Committee, Inc. August 1, 2012

  2. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Goal: Monitor emerging MSW conversion technologies for consideration after 2018 Objectives: 1. Reduce overall net disposal costs post-2018 2. Match facility scale to available in-state MSW 3. Produce products with more value than electricity 4. Minimize risks of unproven technology 5. Reduce environmental impacts and residuals 2

  3. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Recent developments Per the Waste Conversion Congress, Philadelphia, June 2012 • Almost 600 vendors of new MSW technologies • New sources of investment capital • IT companies entering the green tech space • U.S. stimulus programs (DOE, ARRA) • First facilities in the commercialization process • Demos, pilots and scale-ups now in construction • Too soon to get performance, cost or tip fee data • No technology has yet emerged as disruptive 3

  4. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 4

  5. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: five vendors • Dongara Pellet Plant • New Biomass Energy • Greenwood Energy • Process Equipment Design Consultants (PEDCON) • Covanta/Waste Management 5

  6. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: Dongara Process: Convert MSW to RDF, then to pelletized fuel product Market: Sell fuel to solid fuel boilers and kilns First plant: Vaughn, Ontario, 208,000 tpy In operation since 2008 More info to come on technology, costs, regulatory issues, product markets Funding Private partners 6

  7. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: New Biomass Energy Process: Convert wood chips to fuel pellets called “torrified wood” Market: Sell fuel to solid fuel boilers and kilns First plant: Quitman, MS, 80,000 tpy Started up early in 2012 Exported two ship-loads of pellets to Europe for test burns 7

  8. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: Greenwood Energy Process: Convert fiber waste to fuel pellets Market: Sell fuel to solid fuel boilers and kilns in the upper Midwest. First plant: Green Bay, WI, 150,000 tpy Starting up in 2012 Oneida Indian tribe seeks to extend technology to take MSW 8

  9. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: PEDCON Process: Convert MSW to RDF to fuel pellets Market: Sell fuel to solid fuel boilers and kilns in the PJM control area. First plants:Palmer Twp, PA, pilot facility in place Easton, PA, 65,000 tpy Starting up in 2012 9

  10. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: Covanta Process: Convert MSW to RDF to fuel pellets Market: Sell fuel to solid fuel boilers and kilns in the PJM control area. First plant: WMI transfer station in Philadelphia, 143,000 tpy Under development 10

  11. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Merchant RDF technologies: summary • Wood chips, fiber waste and MSW can be converted into fuel pellets • Canadian facility on-line since 2008; U.S. facilities starting up in 2012 • Facilities have been funded privately • Market depends on value to solid-fuel boilers and regulatory acceptance • Performance and cost data are not yet available 11

  12. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: five vendors • Enerkem • Fiberight • Ineos Bio • BlueFire Ethanol • Fulcrum BioEnergy 12

  13. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: Enerkem Process: Gasify RDF, then use catalysts to refine to ethanol and chemicals Market: Sell in bulk to fuel blenders, refineries and industrial bulk chemical users First plants:Sherbrooke, Q, pilot plant since 2003 Westbury, Q, 1.3 Mgal/y since 2009 Edmonton, AB, 10 Mgal/y from 300 tpd MSW, start-up 2013 Pontotoc, MS, 10 Mgal/y, in development Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees 13

  14. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: Enerkem 14

  15. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies:Fiberight Process: Prepare RDF, then ferment to alcohols Market: Sell in bulk to fuel blenders First plants: Lawrenceville, VA, Q, pilot plant Blairstown, IA, converted corn ethanol facility, 6 M gal/y, start-up 2013 Elkridge, MD, under development Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees 15

  16. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: Ineos Bio Process: Gasify RDF, then ferment to bio-ethanol with bio-catalysts and distill Market: Sell in bulk to fuel blenders First plants: Fayetteville, AK, pilot plant Vero Beach, FL, 150,000 tpy MSW to 8 Mgpy ethanol and 6 MW electricity, starting-up summer 2012 Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees 16

  17. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: Ineos Bio 17

  18. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: BlueFire Ethanol Process: Mix RDF with agr. residues, then process via concentrated acid hydrolysis and refine to ethanol and other bio-fuels Market: Sell in bulk to fuel blenders and end-users First plants: Fulton, MS, 19 Mgal/y from woody biomass only, starting up 2013 Lancaster and Mecca, CA, from post- sorted MSW, under development Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees 18

  19. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: Fulcrum BioEnergy Process: Gasify RDF, then refine with catalysts Market: Sell in bulk to fuel blenders and end-users First plants: McCarran, NV, 10.5 Mgal/y, scheduled for operation 2nd half 2013 Feedstock contracts with Waste Mgmt and Waste Connections Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees 19

  20. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 High-value RDF technologies: summary • MSW processes are based on experience with other biomass materials • Large-scale facilities with complicated processing • U.S. facilities starting up in 2012 and 2013 • Market depends on access to fuel blenders and fuel or chemical end-users with exacting specs • Financing required significant public support • Performance and cost data not yet available 20

  21. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: five vendors • PlascoEnergy • AlterNRG • Chinook Energy • Sierra Energy • Covanta CLEERGAS/InenTech 21

  22. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: PlascoEnergy Process: Gasify by plasma arc torches; clean up gas Market: Burn syngas in GE Jenbacher IC engines First plant:Ottawa, ON, 94 tpd demo plant to be scaled up to 200 tpd by 2014 Funding: Private 22

  23. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Alter NRG Process: Plasma arc gasification Market: Burn syngas in engines; convert syngas to ethanol for sale to fuel blenders First plant:Madison, PA 48 tpd demo project St. Lucie, FL, project canceled April 2012 Funding: ARRA grants, USDOE loan guarantees Westnghouse facility in Japan 23

  24. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Chinook Energy Process: Gasify organics in batch vessels Market: Burn syngas in IC engines: convert to fuels First plants: 18 plants worldwide gasifying organic contaminants in scrap metal Converting Millville, NJ, plant to gasify MSW Funding: Private Concept Beneficiate ferrous and/or FEPR? 24

  25. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Chinook Energy 25

  26. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Sierra Energy Process: Gasify MSW in blast furnace to produce syngas and slag. Modular design. Market: Convert syngas to CNG, sell slag as aggregate. First plants: DOD, CA, 5 tpd demonstration plant Sacramento, CA, 50 tpd plant scheduled on-line in 2013, expansion to 200 tpd Funding: Private, California incentives 26

  27. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Sierra Energy 27

  28. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: Covanta CLEERGAS using InenTech technology Process: Gasify MSW for combustion in solid fuel boiler Market: Generate electricity First plants: Tulsa, OK, operating at 350 tpd since August 2011. Funding: Private 28

  29. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 One-step conversion technologies: summary • MSW gasification has been demonstrated technically • Use of syngas in IC engines is being demonstrated, but data are not public • Conversion of syngas to liquid fuels has not been demonstrated. Facilities will start up in 2012 and 2013 • Facilities are modular and scalable • Performance and cost data are not yet available 29

  30. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: four vendors • Zero Waste Energy • W2E Eisenmann • CR&R / Los Angeles County • Harvest Power 30

  31. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: Zero Waste Energy with Kompoferm technology Process: Dirty MRF (unsorted MSW) with digester for organics, advanced recycling lines Market: Convert bio-gas to CNG; sell recyclables First plant:San Jose, CA, demo plant operating, constructing expansion to 270,000 tpy for start-up in 2013 Funding: Private, California incentives 31

  32. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: W2e Eisenmann Process: Dirty MRF with wet anaerobic digestion of organics to produce bio-gas Market: Generate electricity First plants: Columbia, SC, 48,000 tpy and 3.2 MW, prototype under construction, start-up 2012 Funding: Private 32

  33. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: CR&R Process: Dirty MRF with digester for organics, advanced recycling lines Market: Convert bio-gas to CNG; sell recyclables First plants: Riverside, CA Under construction: start-up in 2014 Funding: Private, selected by LA County, CEC grants for bio-fuels 33

  34. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: Harvest Power Process: Anaerobic digestion of source-separated organics. Combust bio-gas in IC engines Market: Generate electricity, sell fertilizer First plants:London, ON, 65,000 tpy, scheduled for start-up 2013 Orlando, FL, scheduled for start-up 2013 Funding: Private 34

  35. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Multi-step conversion technologies: summary • Use dirty MRF technology with mechanical separation and anaerobic digestion • Variety of products, including electricity, CNG, recyclables • Generally uses proven equipment and processes in unproven configurationsand applications • Facilities will start up in 2012 and 2013 • Performance and cost data are not yet available 35

  36. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Observations • Multiple pilot and demonstration projects for MSW processing are underway • There is little experience with syngas use or conversion to liquid fuels • Performance and cost data are not yet available • Merchant RDF facilities depend on markets for solid fuels and regulatory acceptance • High-value RDF facilities are large-scale and require access to fuel blenders and users ; not appropriate for PERC 36

  37. Status of MSW Conversion Technologies:MRC Board meeting on August 1, 2012 Observations • One-step conversion technologies are modular and scalable, but syngas uses are not yet demonstrated • Multi-step conversion technologies use proven equipment and processes in new configurations • Need more experience to understand: • Capital costs, O&M costs, life-cycle costs • Restrictions on Acceptable Waste • Success in using syngas • True generation of products, residuals and emissions • Stay tuned – much will be learned this year! 37

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