An Overview of the Livestock and Poultry Industries

1. An Overview of the Livestock and Poultry Industries Chapter 2

2. Livestock Industry • Livestock commodities comprise 50% of the total agricultural cash receipts (ERS/USDA, 2005) • The five leading states in total cash receipts for agriculture are: • California • Texas • Iowa • Nebraska • Illinois

3. Beef Industry • Cattle, including domestic water buffalo, contribute food, fiber, fuel to the 5.8 billion people of the world • In developed countries, cattle normally supply food • In developing countries beef is a secondary product as draft animal power and milk are the primary products

4. Cattle Numbers India China US Brazil Argentina Beef Production US Brazil EU-25 China Argentina Top 5 Countries in Beef Production

5. Exports Brazil 27.8% Australia 20.3% India 11.4% New Zealand 7.7% Argentina 7.1% Imports US Russian Federation Japan EU-25 Mexico Beef Industry

7. Beef and Veal Consumption Sources: USDA -FAS attache reports, official statistics, and results of office research. Population statistics from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, International Programs Center.

8. Production of beef has increased recently with a reduction in cattle numbers Average carcass wt increased Increased number of cattle per feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding Cattle Production is made up of several segments Seedstock producers Cow-Calf Stocker-Yearling Feedlots Packers Retailers Consumers Beef Industry

9. Cattle Inventory Texas Kansas Nebraska California Oklahoma Cattle on Feed Texas Nebraska Kansas Colorado Iowa Beef Inventory

10. Which country has had the biggest increase in exports of beef in the last 5 years? Brazil

11. Why are imports to Japan from the US lower than previous years? BSE, traceability to verify BSE controls, age verification, bone chips and political wrangling.

12. Which country has the most cattle numbers?Which country produces the most beef? India United States

13. Pounds of beef produced has increased whereas number of cattle has reduced. How has this happened? Average carcass weight has increased Increased number of animals through feedlot Reduction in market age More cross-breeding

14. What states have the most cattle on feed? Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Iowa

15. Dairy Industry • Milk products are produced and consumed in most countries of the world • Cows milk is the most common product but other species are used for milk production • Buffalo, goat, sheep, camel

16. Cattle Numbers India EU-25 Brazil Russian Federation United States Production per cow United States Japan Canada EU-25 Australia World Dairy Cow Numbers and Milk Production

17. World Milk Production 1,000 Metric tons • EU-25 132,300 • United States 82,582 • India 39,450 • China 33,800 • Russia 32,200

18. Dairy Industry • Other products produced such as butter, cheese and dried milk products are more likely to be exported than fluid milk.

19. Dairy Exports by Country

20. Butter India EU-25 United States New Zealand Russia Cheese EU-25 United States Brazil Egypt Argentina Milk Products

21. Whole Milk Powder China New Zealand Brazil Argentina Australia Non-fat Dry Milk United States India New Zealand Australia Japan Milk Products

22. US Dairy Industry • The average US dairy has approximately 100 milking cows, 30 dry cows, 30 heifers and 25 calves • Dairy producers market the milk through cooperatives • Nearly 60% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in large dairy farms • These large dairies represent 9% of the farms with milk cows, but are responsible for more than half of the milk production

23. US Dairy Production

24. Which single country leads the world in fluid milk production per cow? United States

25. Which three countries export the most dairy products? Germany, New Zealand, France

26. Which three countries produce the most non-fat dry milk? United States, India, New Zealand

27. True or False: Large dairies represent 9% of cattle but produce greater than half of the milk produced. True

28. Horse Industry • Horses were domesticated about 5,000 years ago • Horses were the last animals to be domesticated. • Horses were first used as food, then for war, sports and draft purposes. • There were no horses in North America when Columbus arrived

29. Countries with the Largest Horse, Donkey and Mule Numbers

30. US Horse Industry • Number of horses in the US reduced drastically after World War I. • Increased use of motor-powered equipment took the place of horse power. • The US horse industry generates $25 billion in goods and services annually

31. States with the Largest Horse Numbers • Texas • California • Florida • Oklahoma • Illinois

32. US Horse Industry • The horse industry directly produces goods and services of $25.3 billion and has a total impact of $112.1 billion on U.S. gross domestic product. • Racing, showing and recreation each contribute more than 25% to the total value of goods and services produced by the industry.  • The horse industry has a direct economic effect in the urban areas of $2.8 billion and employs 45,800 FTE employees. In rural areas, the direct economic effect is $22.5 billion and employs 292,700 FTE employees.

33. US Horse Industry • How Many People are Involved in the Industry? • 7.1 million Americans are involved in the industry as horse owners, service providers, employees and volunteers. • The horse industry is a diverse, broad-based activity with stakeholders including large numbers of recreational and show horse riders, and moderate-income track, show and stable employees and volunteers.

34. Number of Horses & Participants by Activity *Includes farm and ranch work, police work, rodeo and polo **The sum of participants by activity does not equal the total number of participants because individuals could be counted in more than one activity.

35. Which country has the largest number of horses, donkeys and mules? China

36. What happened to the horse numbers in the US after World War I? Why? Reduced Increased use of motor-powered equipment

37. Poultry Industry • Poultry applies to chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, pigeons, peafowl, and guineas • Chickens, ducks and turkeys dominate the world poultry industry • Chickens originated in Southeast Asia • Darwin concluded that domestic chickens originated from Red Jungle Fowl

38. Chicken Production United States China EU -25 Mexico India Egg Production China United States Japan Turkey Production United States EU-25 Brazil Canada World Poultry Production

39. Broiler Consumption • United Arab Emirates 60.3 • United States 46.3 • Kuwait 43.0 • Hong Kong 38.8 • Malaysia 38.3

40. US Poultry Industry • Income from the US Poultry industry exceeds $21 billion • The US industry is primarily in the southeastern US • The US industry produces 6.9 billion total broilers • The modern mechanized poultry industry of the US emerged during the late 1950’s

42. US Poultry Industry • Egg Production • Ohio • California • Pennsylvania • Iowa • Indiana

43. US Poultry Industry • Poultry industry highly integrated • Many broiler and turkey producers are contracted by large companies to raise birds • 85% of the eggs marketed are from large commercial producers • Efficiency of production of chicken, turkey and eggs has increased in the last few years

45. Which country leads the world in chicken and turkey production? Consumption? United States United Arab Emirates

46. Which area of the United States has the largest concentration of broiler production? Southeast – Georgia, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina

47. True or False: The poultry industry is highly integrated. True

48. Sheep and Goat Industry • Sheep and goats both originated in Europe and the cooler portions of Asia. • Sheep are distinguished from goats by the absence of a beard, less odor and glands on all four feet. • Sheep and goats are important ruminants in temperate and tropical regions

49. Sheep and Goat Industry • Sheep and goats are better adapted than cattle to arid tropics • Goats graze browse (shrubs) and some forbs while cattle graze tall grasses and some forbs and sheep graze short grasses and some forbs. • More than 60% of the world sheep numbers are in temperate regions while 80% of the goats are in tropical or subtropical

50. Sheep Numbers China Australia India Iran New Zealand Sheep meat Production China EU- 25 Australia New Zealand Iran Top 5 Countries in Sheep Production