Cold War Conflicts

1. Cold War Conflicts The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens. British prime minister Winston Churchill, U.S. president Harry S Truman, and Soviet premier and supreme commander Joseph Stalin pose during their meeting at the Potsdam Conference in Germany (July 1945). NEXT

2. United Nations Satellite nation North Atlantic Treaty Organization Section 3 HUAC Hollywood Ten Blacklists Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Alger Hiss Vocab Ch 18

3. Origins of the Cold War SECTION 1 SECTION 2 The Cold War Heats Up The Cold War at Home SECTION 3 Two Nations Live on the Edge SECTION 4 Cold War Conflicts NEXT

4. Section 1 Origins of the Cold War The United States and the Soviet Union emerge from World War II as two “superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems. NEXT

5. SECTION 1 Origins of the Cold War Former Allies Clash • U.S.-Soviet Relations • U.S. suspicious of Stalin because he had been Hitler’s ally • Stalin resents that U.S. delayed attacking Germany and hid atom bomb • The United Nations • 1945, established as new peacekeeping body • UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete Continued . . . NEXT

6. SECTION 1 continuedFormer Allies Clash Truman Becomes President • The Potsdam Conference • July 1945 conference with U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union • Stalin does not allow free elections in Poland • - bans democratic parties NEXT

8. SECTION 1 Tension Mounts • Bargaining at Potsdam • Soviets want reparations from Germany; Truman objects • Agree to take reparations mainly from own occupation zones • U.S. emerges from war as great economic power • - wants Eastern European raw materials, markets Continued . . . NEXT

9. SECTION 1 Interactive continuedTension Mounts • Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe • Installs communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates • 1946, Stalin announces war between communism, capitalism inevitable • United States Establishes a Policy of • Containment • U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent spread of communism • Churchill describes division of Europe as iron curtain NEXT

10. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S. Truman J. Truman Doctrine This group consisted of Eastern European nations that were dominated by the Soviet Union. This action provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

11. The NATO Alliance Fear of Soviets leads to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) European nations, U.S., Canada pledge mutual military support USSR forms Warsaw Pact includes USSR and the Buffer Zone

12. Pages 605, 608, 624 Divide Germany into 4 post war sections Color code each section Label each section Color all NATO countries yellow Color the Soviet Bloc countries PINK Draw the Iron Curtain in RED Create a KEY

13. SECTION 1 Image Cold War in Europe • The Truman Doctrine • 1945–1991 Cold War—conflict between U.S., U.S.S.R. • - neither nation directly confronts the other on battlefield • • Truman Doctrine— Gave aid to Turkey and Greece to reduce communist threat • The Marshall Plan • 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need • • Marshall Plan revives 16 nations CONTAINMENT NEXT

14. SECTION 1 Map Superpowers Struggle over Germany The Berlin Airlift • 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin • Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin • 1949, Stalin lifts blockade NEXT

20. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S. Truman J. Truman Doctrine 3. Both the United States and the Soviet Union joined this organization after World War II. 4. He arranged for about 400 million dollars in aid to be sent to postwar Turkey and Greece.

23. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S Truman J. Truman Doctrine 5. This defensive military alliance was the first military alliance that the United States ever entered during peacetime. 6. This aid program was directed "not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos."

24. A. NATO B. Cold War C. Berlin airlift D. containment E. Marshall Plan F. Joseph Stalin G. United Nations H. satellite nations I. Harry S Truman J. Truman Doctrine 7. This term refers to the indirect but hostile conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union that began at the end of World War II. 8. He believed that eventually there would be a war between capitalism and communism

25. Section 2 The Cold War Heats Up After World War II, China becomes a communist nation and Korea is split into a communist north and a democratic south. NEXT

26. SECTION 2 Image The Cold War Heats Up China Becomes a Communist Country • Nationalists Versus Communists • Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek • U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is corrupt • Communists, led by Mao Zedong • by 1945, communists control north China Continued . . . NEXT

28. SECTION 2 continuedChina Becomes a Communist Country • Renewed Civil War • 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan • Communists establish People’s Republic of China in mainland • U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese government NEXT

30. Memorial of Chiang Kai Chek in Taiwan

31. SECTION 2 Interactive The Korean War A Divided Country • 38th parallel (38º N latitude) North of 38th to U.S.S.R.; south to U.S. • North Korea Attacks South Korea • 1950, North Korea invades South, begins Korean War • South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion; Security Council approves • MacArthur put in command of South Korean, U.S., other forces NEXT

36. SECTION 2 The United States Fights in Korea • MacArthur’s Counterattack • North Korea drives south, captures Seoul • UN, South Korean troops forced into small defensive zone • MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides, pushes into north • The Chinese Fight Back • China sends troops to help North Korea; push south, capture Seoul • Fighting continues for 2 more years Continued . . . NEXT

38. SECTION 2 continuedThe United States Fights in Korea • MacArthur Recommends Attacking China • MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request • UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to 38th parallel • MacArthur Versus Truman • MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China; Truman fires him Continued . . . NEXT

41. SECTION 2 continuedThe United States Fights in Korea • Settling for Stalemate • 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire • 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized zone (DMZ) established NEXT

46. Section 3 The Cold War at Home During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens. NEXT

47. SECTION 3 The Cold War at Home Fear of Communist Influence • Loyalty Review Board • Truman accused of being soft on Communism • Sets up Federal Employee Loyalty Program to investigate employees • 1947–1951 loyalty boards investigate 3.2 million, dismiss 212 Continued . . . NEXT

48. SECTION 3 continuedFear of Communist Influence The House Un-American Activities Committee • House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties • Hollywood Ten refuse to testify, sent to prison • Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work NEXT