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Governments of Asia

Governments of Asia.

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Governments of Asia

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  1. Governments of Asia SS7CG7 a. Compare and Contrast the federal republic of the Republic of India, the communist state of the People’s Republic of China, and the constitutional monarchy of Japan, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms.

  2. Distribution of Power • Unitary • Confederation • Federal

  3. Unitary System • The Central government holds nearly all the power, local governments (states, counties, provinces, etc…) are under the control of the central government • Elected officials can make and enforce laws without the opinions of those at the lower levels of Government • Examples: • People’s Republic of China • Japan (Constitutional Monarchy)

  4. Confederation System • Local governments have all the power • Power of the central government is limited to whatever the local governments are willing to give it • Examples: • United Nations • Confederate States of America

  5. Federal System • Power is shared among different levels of government • States have power that the federal does not have (property taxes, sales tax, etc…) and the federal has powers that the states do not have (declare war, make treaties, etc…) • Examples: • India • USA

  6. Forms of Citizen Participation • Autocratic • Oligarchic • Democratic

  7. Autocratic • The ruler has absolute power to do whatever they want and can make and enforce whatever laws they choose • People have no power to disagree with the government • Examples: • Dictatorships • North Korea

  8. Oligarchy • “government by the few” • A political party or other group makes all the decisions of government • Similar to an Autocratic government, but rule is shared among a small group of people instead of 1 ruler • Examples: • People’s Republic of China (ruled by the CCP)

  9. Democratic • The people play a large role in the decisions of the country • Individual freedoms are very important • If a person feels that their rights have been violated, they can get the government to correct the situation • Examples: • India • Japan • South Korea

  10. Distribution of Power (Power of the Central Government) Unitary Federal Confederation - + People’s Republic of China Japan Republic of India - + Democratic Oligarchic Autocratic Forms of Citizen Participation (Amount of personal freedom and participation in Government)

  11. Types of Democratic Government • Parliamentary: • Election of the legislature (Parliament) • Leader of the Parliamentary government (Prime Minister) is chosen by the party that wins the majority of representatives in the legislature • The Prime Minister serves as Head of Government • Presidential (Congressional): • The President is chosen separately from the legislature • The President serves as both Chief of State and Head of Government

  12. India • India is a federal republic and uses a parliamentary system. • The country is secular (favors no special religion), even though the majority of the population are Hindu • The government has three main branches.

  13. India • The executive branch consists of: • the President (chief of state), • the Prime Minister (head of the government) • the Council of Ministers (make up the cabinet) • The legislative branch is a bicameral (2 law-making groups) parliament: • Rajya Sabha or Council of States • the Lok Sabha, or House of the People. • The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court consisting of: • Chief Justice • 25 other judges.

  14. India • The President’s duties are mostly ceremonial • The Prime Minister is determined by the parliamentary majority in the House of the People. • The Council of Ministers must answer to the House of the People. • Indians 18 and older can vote.

  15. China • China’s Communist party (CCP) leads the nation. • Under China’s constitution, the highest organ of state power is the National People’s Congress (NPC). • Religion is not encouraged by the government • China has three branches of government.

  16. China • The executive branch includes: • the President (head of state) • the Vice President • the State Council • the Premier (head of government). • The legislative branch is unicameral (one law-making group) consisting of • National People’s Congress (NPC). • The judicial branch includes: • Supreme People’s Court.

  17. China • The NPC meets for two weeks every year. • These meetings are not open to the public • The State Council presents new policies, laws, budgets, and personnel changes to the NPC. • The NPC can make changes to what the State Council has recommended.

  18. China • The largest political party is the CCP with as many as 70 million members. • Eight minor political parties operate under Communist supervision. • The CCP is highly authoritarian (autocratic), meaning it completely controls the Chinese government. • The CCP sets policies that the government must enforce.

  19. China • Men and women 18 and older can vote. • There are no votes cast in Chinese elections for anyone other than the candidates approved by the government • The role of the citizen (including what job and education he/she will have) is determined by the state

  20. Japan • Japan has a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. • The government is secular • The government has three branches.

  21. Japan • The executive branch includes a cabinet consisting of: • the Prime Minister (head of government) • the Ministers of State who are all civilians. • The legislative branch is the bicameral Diet (two law-making groups): • the House of Representatives • the House of Councilors • The judicial branch includes: • the Supreme Court (the highest judicial authority).

  22. Japan • Ministers are appointed or removed by the prime minister. • The prime minister is chosen by his colleagues in the Diet, the country’s parliament.

  23. Japan • Men and women 20 and older can vote • The Japanese people are in control of their nation’s sovereignty, but Japan still has an emperor, who is the symbol of the state. • He is basically a figurehead without much official power.

  24. Summarize…

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