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Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI): trends and the future

Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI): trends and the future. by P. Jorna, GHMI Project Leader NLR. Role of man in ATM: the past. Designers perspective: human is a nuisance factor Human sciences ok in knowledge, but no products! Software: ‘use it or perish’, no rights for the ‘user’

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Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI): trends and the future

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  1. Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI): trends and the future by P. Jorna, GHMI Project Leader NLR

  2. Role of man in ATM: the past • Designers perspective: human is a nuisance factor • Human sciences ok in knowledge, but no products! • Software: ‘use it or perish’, no rights for the ‘user’ • Second (international) thoughts: • ‘Human bypass’ strategy proves impossible!! • Humans and HF knowledge, needs to be exploited • Approach: break the borders, cross the bridges.. PHARE tasking: deliver a harmonised HMI with usable ‘tools’.

  3. Human and Machine ‘teaming’ • Goal: bottleneck reduction for controllers, more efficient use of human capabilities • Possible strategies Automation philosophy • remove tasks ‘Automatic’ • tailor tasks ‘Adaptable’ • workload dependent ‘Adaptive’ • change tasks ‘Advanced’ PHARE tools approach, controller in charge

  4. General HMI automation principles HMI for Advanced Tools (PATS) Specific Controller Working Positions (CWP) PHARE DEMONSTRATIONS Project structure of GHMI:

  5. Defining the controller human machine interface • Operational concept & Human task analysis • Initial HMI design & dialogue(s) • Part task(s) prototyping • Evaluation & experiments • Iterations • Specifications & implementations • Training • Validation: did it work?, benefits?, risks? etc.

  6. Machine assistance helpful? Datalink HMI prototypes KLM123 = up linked (green) s = no response > 30s. (red) 153 120 100 Label version s = acknowledged (green) 402 × 280 250 4 = unable (red) B747 045 010 6 plot symbol Table version

  7. Machine assistance helpful?Workload reduced Pupil size decrease with lower workload

  8. Machine assistance helpful?Improved detection times Detection of non-confirmed clearances

  9. Machine assistance helpful?Still subjective uncertainty!( NASA TLX subjective workload ratings

  10. PD-1: mastering the implementation process HIPS speed view Plan view display Selected aircraft ADFL HIPS altitude view Track Data Block HIPS horizontal view

  11. A PD1 example: the Highly Interactive Problem Solver

  12. The work and experiences of the design teams • An international, multi-disciplinary group • HMI & automation design proved very complex • Conceptual (im)maturity hampered task analysis • After en-route design (PD1) complexity increased as well as the time constraints • Design teams split up in PD2, PD3 and Training team to allow for PD ‘overlaps’, experiments Cut! Pressure: produce deliverable within project scope

  13. PD-2: apply PD1 HMI to ETMA

  14. A PD-2 example: the AMD

  15. An unresolved AMD issue….. Eye scanning under various traffic conditions

  16. An unresolved AMD issue….. Eye scanning under low traffic conditions

  17. An unresolved AMD issue….. Eye scanning under high traffic conditions

  18. PD3: when the going gets tough, the tough get going... Many CWP’s! ‘Gate to Gate’

  19. A PD3 example: departures

  20. Where we are with HMI standardisation for ATM. • GHMI followed a ‘generic’, common approach • Controller acceptance gradually increased through participation & familiarisation (training) • Direct object manipulation ok, but trajectory handling needs to simplified • ‘What if’ tools helpful, various CWP design options • GHMI software: still ‘a need for speed’ • Co-ordination between controllers needs attention • GHMI a starting point for the next century……..?

  21. And the future…... • The work was completed, but it is not finished! • Experiments are in need to learn about impact on controller behaviour, traffic awareness and ASAS • Non nominal conditions need validation • Training issues need to be explored further • The road ahead needs good transportation • Lets travel that road together: EEC, RE’s, FAA etc. A life time opportunity for improvements!

  22. Many thanks to the team and….Until we meet again! Continue the collaboration Go for a PHARE NEXT It is tough, but it works! Also for US…..

  23. Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI): trends and the future by P. Jorna, GHMI Project Leader NLR next

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