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Health and disease

Health and disease. WHO: the world health organization. Who defines health as “ complete physical , mental and social well-being , not just the mere abscence of desease.”. Factors that play a part in preventing deseases and maintaining health. A healthy environment

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Health and disease

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  1. Health and disease

  2. WHO: theworldhealthorganization • Who defines health as “complete physical, mental and social well-being, notjustthemereabscence of desease.”

  3. Factorsthatplay a part in preventing deseases and maintaininghealth • A healthyenvironment • Healthyhabits • Genetic and personal characteristics • Efficientanbhigh-qualityhealthcaresystems

  4. Symptoms: apparenttotheperson • Signals:observedbyothers • Diagnose: to determine thedisease • Treatment:medicalcareorattention (curativeorsymptomatic) • Convalescence: periodtocompletelyrecover

  5. Types of deseases

  6. Infectious deseases • Cause: pathogenicmicroorganisms thatinfecthealthypeopledestroyingcellsbyproducingtoxinesordestroyingthemdirectly. (Virulence) • BACTERIA: single-celledprokaryotes. Toxines (Diphteria) • FUNGI: heterotrophiceukaryotic. (Athlete’sfoot) • PROTOZOA: single-celledeukaryotes (sleeping sickness) • VIRUSES: non-cellular. Parasites of cells. (Polio)

  7. Sexuallytransmitted deseases

  8. Sexuallytransmitted deseases

  9. Prevention of STD • CONDOMS. That’stheonlyway! • Condomspreventgestation and STD. • Isitclear????

  10. Transmission of infections • Directcontact • Bytouchinginertobjects • Bydrinkingcontaminatedwater • Byeatingcontaminatedfood • Bybreathingcontaminated air • Throughcontactwith VECTORS: can transmitpathogenicmicroorganismswithoutgettingthe desease (insectsorotheranimals)

  11. Body’sdefences Externaldefences: Structural, biochemical, mechanical, ecological Internaldefences: Non specific: phagocytes Specific: antibodies (lymphocytes)

  12. Defences • External: • Skin, mucosae, saliva, juices, cilia, non-pathogenicorganisms. • Internal: White bloodcells. • Non-specificdefences: • Protectagainstanytype of pathogenicmicroorganisms: Phagocytes • Specificdefences: againstspecificforeignmoleculescalledantigens. Lymphocytesproduce antibodiesspecifictooneantigen.

  13. Local responses: A wound • Inflammatoryresponse: Capillaries dilate, bloodstreamincreases, phagocytes come. Inflammation and blushing. • Local temperatureraisestohelpphagocytestomove. • Pusiscomposedbyrests of whitebloodcells and germs.

  14. Fever and inflammation • Bothworkwiththebody in itsfightagainsttheinvadingmicroorganisms. • Feverhelpsthewhitebloodcellsact more effectively and makesit more difficultforthepathogensto reproduce. • Inflammationpermitsgreaterbloodflow. Thisallowswhitecells and antibodiestoarrive at thesite of infection.

  15. General responses:Immune response • Thirddefence line: Lymphocytes. • Lymphocytes produce specificproteinscalledantibodies. • Antibodies are specificagainstantigens.

  16. Antigen-antibodyreaction

  17. Infection deseases’ developing • 1.- Incubationperiod • 2.- Illnessperiod • 3.- Convalescenceperiod • 4.- Recovery

  18. Habitstopreventinfectious deseases • Hygiene, • antiseptics, desinfectants, • keepyourimmunesystemhealthy: sleep, diet, exercise, no drugs; medicines justwithprescription. Vaccination: a dead, weakenedor inactive pathogenicmicrobebeinginjectedintothebody of a healthypersonto produce antibodiesagainsttheantigens of themicrobe.

  19. Curinginfectious deseases • Serumtherapy: a liquidthatcontainsantibodiesisgivento a infectedperson (serum). Antibodies are producedbyanotherpersonoran animal. • Drugtherapy: adminiteringmedication. Microbicidesdestroymicrobes. Microbiostaticpreventmicrobesfromreproducing. Antibiotics and sulphonamides are themostimportant. • USE ANTIBIOTICS CAREFULLY!!!!

  20. Non-infectious deseases • Deseases relatedtospecificsystems: cardiovascular • Cancer: tumour • Relatedtomalnutrition: scurvy • Traumatic injuries: accidents • Endocrine and metabollic: excessiveordeficientsecretion of a hormone: obesity, diabetes • Mental and behaviouraldisorders • Genetic deseases

  21. Healthcare • Primarycare doctor • Medicalspecialist • Hospitalisation • Trasplants: isthe transfer of anorgan, tissueorgroup of cellsfromone individual toantothertoreplaceanorganthat no longerworks. • Organ and tissuetransplants: transfusion • Celltransplants: stemcells (embryonicoradultcells) • Problems: Preservingtheorgan, surgicalcomplications and rejection

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