Reading Apprenticeship Workshop

1. Reading Apprenticeship Workshop Dr. Mark Ryan

2. What do you remember about your personal reading history? • When did you learn to read? • From whom? One person? Multiple people? • Can you recall how that person or people taught you to read? • Do you remember how you developed phonemic awareness? • Do you remember how you developed reading fluency? • Do you remember how you developed comprehension skills?

3. True or False • After graduation, most students will choose to read a textbook on a daily basis. • 86% of daily adult reading is nonfiction. • Magazines, newspapers, applications, warranties, contracts, policy statements, manuals, consumer and workplace documents, ballots, menus, coupons, and Internet information.

4. True or false • Students today read at about the same levels as students thirty years ago. • However, the literacy demands on our society have risen dramatically.

5. True or False • The California Department of Education looks at fourth-grade reading scores to determine how much money the state needs to allocate for building future prison space.

6. 90% of what is being read in America today is read by 10% of the population. • As a high school teacher, you may be the students’ last chance to develop a level of proficiency that will enable them to fend for themselves, to avoid the oppression that often afflicts the uninformed in our society.

7. Exploring the RA Framework

8. What Reading Apprenticeship Is NOT . . . • A packaged program • Just one strategy • A once and done deal

9. Reading Apprenticeship • RA is an approach to reading instruction that helps students develop the knowledge, strategies, and dispositions they need to become more powerful readers. • Partnership of Expertise Teacher knowledge of as Disciplined-based readers Students’ unique strengths As learners

10. RA helps students become better readers by: • Engaging students in more reading • Making teachers’ discipline based reading processes visible to students • Making students’ reading processes, motivations, understandings, and strategies visible to the teacher • Helping students gain insights into their own reading processes • Helping students develop problem solving strategies to improve comprehension

11. The Good Reader's Toolkit

12. Dimensions of Reading Apprenticeship

13. Social Dimension • Creating Safety • Sharing Book Talk • Sharing Reading Processes, Problems, and Solutions • Noticing and Appropriating Others’ Ways of Reading

14. Personal Dimension • Developing Reader Identity • Developing Metacognition • Developing Reader Fluency and Stamina • Developing Reader Confidence and Range

15. Cognitive Dimension • Getting the big picture • Breaking it down • Monitoring comprehension • Using problem solving strategies to assist and restore comprehension • Setting reading purposes and adjusting reading processes

16. Knowledge Dimension • Mobilizing and building knowledge structures (schema)‏ • Developing content knowledge • Developing knowledge of word construction and vocabulary • Developing knowledge and use of text structures • Developing discipline and discourse specific knowledge

17. RA Framework • 4 Dimensions • Social • Personal • Cognitive • Knowledge-Building • 2 Pillars • Metacognition • Extensive Reading

18. Metacognition Thinking About Thinking

19. Making Thinking Visible

20. Metacognition Helps students understand that Reading happens in our minds And not on the page . . .

21. Mapping the Metacognitive Conversation Noticing your thinking Focusing on reading Taking charge of reading Becoming aware of subject area discourse

22. Reading Process Analysis

23. A Think Aloud Is a way to Model the Complexities & Solutions of Reading

24. Think Aloud • As a “Think Aloud” is modeled, pay attention to the “thinking” that the person is making visible. • Jot down a few strategies you see used.

25. Schema Schema refers to the networks of concepts, beliefs, expectations, and information that is developed from our individual library of past experiences.

26. The Knowledge we draw on: • World Knowledge • Text Knowledge • Discipline Knowledge • Language Knowledge

27. When to Emphasize it? • Students need to activate and build schema at each stage of the reading process: as they prepare for and move INTO the reading experience, as they move THROUGH the reading, and as they move BEYOND the text, linking what they have read to other texts and ideas.

28. Scaffolding:A strategic instructional support A scaffold provides enough help to allow the learner to accomplish the task at hand, but offers no more than is needed. Gradually decreasing support while gradually increasing the difficulty of the text and task.

29. Reciprocal Teaching • RT is an instructional procedure designed to help struggling readers improve their reading comprehension through interactive dialogue. • Reciprocal Teaching provides opportunities in a socially supported environment for students to practice comprehension strategies good readers use to make meaning of text. • RT should be used for understanding not for learning discreet facts.

30. RT ROLES • Discussion Leader/Facilitator • Summarizer • Questioner • Clarifier • Predictor

31. Question/Answer Relationship (QAR) A Way Of Questioning What We Read

32. Question-Answer Relationship

33. Just because you may struggle to read the text does not mean you can’t think about what you read.

34. Many readers try to answer questions using ONLY information from the text. Other readers try to answer questions using ONLY their background knowledge.

35. Three Levels of Text Processing • Literal – getting the facts as stated in a text. • Inferential – requires readers to determine an appropriate answer drawn from the text and what they already know. • Critical – requires readers to think beyond what is stated in the text. Readers draw information from their prior knowledge to come up with great answers.

36. Question-Answer Relationships Right There – Text explicit Think & Search – Text implicit Author & Me – Text implicit/experienced based On My Own – experienced based

37. Question-Answer Relationships Right There – The answer is directly stated in the text. In fact, the words from the question and the answer are included in the same sentence.

38. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. What do I love to do?

39. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. What do I love to do? My Homework

40. Question-Answer Relationships Think & Search- The answer is in the text, but the words from the question and the answer are not in the same sentence.

41. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. How do I feel when I do what my teacher says I should?

42. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. How do I feel when I do what my teacher says I should? So good

43. Question-Answer Relationships Author & Me- The answer is not in the text, but the text provides information to use in the answer.

44. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. Where are they taking me?

45. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. Where are they taking me? Hospital, Mental facility, etc. (answer must make sense and be supported by the text)

46. Question-Answer Relationships On My Own- The answer is not in the text; it must come from the reader’s own experiences.

47. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. Why is homework an important part of school?

48. I Love to Do My Homework I love to do my homework, it makes me feel so good. I love to do exactly as my teacher says I should. I love to do my homework, I never miss a day. I even love the men in white who are taking me away. Why is homework an important part of school? It helps you learn new concepts, Gives the teacher an idea of how well you understand the concept, etc.

49. Jerry picked up his bat, ball, and his glove. He went to the playing field. Some boys were already hitting and catching fly ball. • What did Jerry pick up? • Where did Jerry go? • What game is Jerry going to play? • What is your favorite game?

50. How can this strategy be used to study new material? • Read the material thoroughly. • Determine the main idea(s) you want to know. • Develop questions from all four levels. • Reread the material and complete the study guide in order to ensure correct question levels.