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Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries

Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries.

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Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17 th -18 th Centuries

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  1. Pyramid Societies in China and France in the 17th-18th Centuries • Absolutism- a European idea that one person, given divine right by God, should hold all power. Absolutism became the global basis for pyramid societies that increasingly became nations rather than divided states during the 17th C in much of the world – never fully realized • In France: “One King, one law, one faith”

  2. Origins of Absolutism (France and Qing China) • Worldwide depression in the 17th c caused by global cooling

  3. Decline in central control leads to peasant rebellions, banditry, religious wars and wars with invaders • China- rebels take over Beijing- Ming ruler invites Mongols to help him regain control, instead they assume power in all of China • France- Religious wars- Catholics vs. Protestants (1562-1598). Thirty Years War- (1618-1648), Fronde (civil war)

  4. Aspects of Absolutism – Sovereignty in France and China A. Semi-divine monarch- the “sun gods” Louis XIV Qianlong

  5. Kangxi Emperor

  6. Qianlong

  7. Centralization of formal state government China • Civil service bureaucrats was expanded and Confucianized during the Ming period. (1368-1644). Competitive jinshi exam largest - education system in the world. • Court eunuchs and censorate (surveillance) France • Henry IV (Navarro)- Edict of Nantes- gave Protestants (Huguenots) rights in a Catholic nation – taken back by Louis XIV - Venal Offices • Cardinal Richelieu- crushes nobles, consolidates power and creates intendants (32 district system)

  8. Enforcing Absolutism • Large standing army B. Intellectual Theory • French Philosophs Bodin and Bousset write about divine right of kings and the need for one ruler • In China, Confucianism and “Mandate of Heaven” divine, absolutist emperor

  9. Display of Power – Art, Architecture, Imperial Cities

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