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Cell structure and function

Cell structure and function. Prokaryotic cells lack nucleus and are the kind of cells that bacteria and archea have. Eukaryotic cells have organelles including a nucleus where DNA is located. Protist, fungi, plants, & animals are made from eukaryotic cells….

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Cell structure and function

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  1. Cell structure and function

  2. Prokaryotic cells lack nucleus and are the kind of cells that bacteria and archea have.

  3. Eukaryotic cells have organelles including a nucleus where DNA is located. Protist, fungi, plants, & animals are made from eukaryotic cells…

  4. ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source

  5. Cellular respiration • Cellular respiration is the process that release energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. • There are three steps: • Glycolysis • Kreb’s cycle • Electron transport chain

  6. Cellular respiration • How much energy is present in food? • Quite a lot. One gram of the sugar glucose, when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3811 calories of heat energy. • Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree celcius. • This process begins with a pathway called glycolysis (Greek: sugar splitting). • If oxygen is present, then two more steps follow. • If NO oxygen is present, then lactic acid is made • This is why muscles hurt during extraneous workouts.

  7. How efficient is cellular respiration? • The 36 ATP molecules the cell makes per glucose represent about 38% of the total energy of glucose. • That might not seem like much, but it means that the cell is actually more efficient at using food than the engine of a typical automobile. • What happens to the remaining 62%? • It is released as heat, which is one of the main reasons why we are warm to the tough – especially after working-out.

  8. Questions?

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