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Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity

Immune effector function. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory. Foreign Ags………. 對外. Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR. Adaptive immunity. Four characteristics. 1. Antigen specificity 2. Diversity

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Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity

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  1. Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory

  2. Foreign Ags………. 對外 Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR

  3. Adaptive immunity Four characteristics 1. Antigen specificity 2. Diversity 3. Immunological memory 4. Self tolerance

  4. Clonal selection Immune diversity Antigen specificity Diversity Memory Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance

  5. Sites of effector function Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches

  6. Lymph node distribution in the body

  7. Immunity & Ag location Humoral response Ag Innate Adaptive Extracellular Phagocytes B cells Intracellular NK CD8 Tc cells (Altered self) 2 CD4 Th 1 Cytotoxicity Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

  8. Induction of adaptive immunity Phagocytes Inflammation Dendritic cells (DC) Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC) Lymph node B/T cells Lymphocyte activation Clonal selection Humoral Imm/CMI Memory Inflammatory site Inflammatory site

  9. T cell activation DC HEV Lymph node T

  10. Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of CD4 Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory

  11. Naïve, activated, effector Activation Effector Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) Humoral immunity

  12. Priming The activation and differentiation of naïve T cells Three signals in naïve T cell activation Costimulation

  13. Professional APC

  14. Signal 1 Ag & MHC presentation pathways Foreign or Self Ag DC/Macrophages/B cells

  15. Signal 2 Signal 2 alone

  16. Signal 1+2 CD4 T cell activation IL2R IL2 production Clonal expansion

  17. Professional APC

  18. Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance

  19. Negative regulation of signal 2 upon T cell activation Inhibition of activated T cells Peripheral tolerance

  20. CD4 T cell differentiation Th17 Promote local inflammation CMI: CD8 T Humoral response

  21. Signal 3: cytokine

  22. Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Effector response

  23. Activation Innate immunity Effector phase

  24. Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17 Amplifier of acute Inflammation (local site, BM) IL17 Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. G-CSF GM-CSF IL6 Chemokines Recruitment of neutrophils Expression of antimicrobial peptides Activation of macrophages

  25. CD4 T cell differentiation CMI Humoral immunity CD8 T

  26. CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1 APC activation

  27. CMI: CD8T cytotoxic response Cytotoxic granules

  28. Membrane effector molecule

  29. Effector T cells

  30. Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Effector response

  31. B cells as APC Effector Th2 cells Humoral immunity: B cell response

  32. CD4T-dependent: 1. Isotype switching 2. Somatic hypermutation Affinity maturation 3. Memory

  33. Effector response CD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2 CD8 Tc B cells

  34. Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory

  35. Adaptive immunity

  36. Protective immunity & time Memory cells:long-lived Apoptosis of effectors

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