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The Cold War

The Cold War. There was no general peace treaty at the end of WWII ii. Instead, the “Big 3” decided they would reshape the post-war world to their liking. Big Three- Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. There was no general peace treaty at the end of WWII • ii. Instead, the “Big 3” decided they would reshape the post-war world to their liking. • Big Three- Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin • Each tried to establish their spheres of influence: the countries or territories that a more powerful country dominates

  3. Stalin used a policy of expansionism: the political and military policy of taking over territory for defence, resources, national pride, or racial superiority. • Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak, and create a buffer between the USSR and western Europe

  4. Berlin Blockade, 1948 • First major incident of the cold war • Stalin Blocked railway and road access to Berlin • Allies responded by airlifting all supplies to Berlin • Airlifted everything required for the city to operate • Soviets thought it would be impossible to succeed, and eventually stopped the blockade out of embarrassment

  5. Containment • Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism, adopted a policy of containment: US Cold war foreign policy based on limiting the spread of communism through trade and alliances. • President Truman said that “nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life.”

  6. Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine • 1947 the US set up a 13 billion dollar fund to help European countries devastated by the war. • Wanted Europe to become prosperous again, if they were prosperous they would be less likely to become communist • free market ideas policies were exchanged for aid. USA offered the Marshall Plan to communist countries, but Stalin said that they would not participate. He set up his own alternative, the Molotov Plan.

  7. “The free democracies would organize so as to confront the forces of communist expansionism with an overwhelming force and with sufficient degree of unity to ensure that the free nations cannot be defeated one by one” Louis St. Laurent

  8. Alliances • Many countries felt that they had to choose between the USSR and the USA sphere of influence. • Many countries chose based out of a similar ideological perspectives. • Alliances were based on the concept of Collective Security: the mutual protection of the members, ie if attacked all members go to war

  9. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization -feared soviet invasion, collective security agreement signed in 1949, that if any member of NATO was attacked all would go to war against the USSR -members include Canada, USA, and most western European countries

  10. Warsaw Pact • Created after West Germany became part of NATO • Signed between the USSR and eastern European countries • Collective security arrangement

  11. Winston termed the new border between the USSR and the Western Europe as the Iron Curtain

  12. Hockey Game • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWwN9kHnsKI&feature=related • Berlin Airlift • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ30Rgc5Prc

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