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Regional workshop “EEA Core Set of Indicator for the West Balkan countries”

Regional workshop “EEA Core Set of Indicator for the West Balkan countries”. 11-12 December 2008 Skopje. Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. Katerina Nikolovska.

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Regional workshop “EEA Core Set of Indicator for the West Balkan countries”

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  1. Regional workshop “EEA Core Set of Indicator for the West Balkan countries” 11-12 December 2008Skopje Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Katerina Nikolovska

  2. Environmental reporting via indicators is exactly such ambitious undertaking - to produce a report, a picture of the environment presented through as much as possible quantitative data acquired through scientifically based measurements and analysis, indicating the sources, causes, consequences and trends of specific conditions. National set of indicators, developed by contributions of experts from all relevant areas, besides of fulfilling one of the obligations deriving from the Law on Environment, will establish the basis necessary for appropriate decision making in the process of environmental management, and thus make the expected contribution to the sustainable development of our country

  3. Legal basis • The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning as a body of the state administration responsible for the affairs of the environment, has proposed set of environmental indicators of the Republic of Macedonia • Legal basis - Article 45 paragraph 1 of the Law on Environment (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 53/05, 81/05 and 24/07) • And Articles 44 and 45 of the Rulebook on the content of the State of the Environment Report (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 35/06),

  4. Phases in Indicators development • Identification and calculation of national indicators in accordance with CSIs, in the frames of the First phase of the Project “EEA Core Set of Indicators for the West Balkan countries” • The Government of the Republic of Macedonia, in May 2007 adopted the Draft Environmental Indicators developed by the Macedonian Environmental Information Centre thus initiating the process of identification of the national set of indicators. • Based on the conclusions adopted by the Government • 12 working groups were established • they verified the proposed environmental indicators • and supplemented including country specific indicators • The Government of the Republic of Macedonia, in August 2008 adopted the Environmental Indicators in Republic of Macedonia

  5. Problems The problems faced with by the working groups in the preparation of environmental indicators are mostly related to environmental data itself, namely: • lack of data, especially lack of historical data to be compared with the present state, to conduct analysis of phenomena course and development and estimate the trends of the future development; • lack of relevant data to serve the goals of reporting through environmental indicators; • quality, i.e. format of data which in most cases required detailed analysis, checking and reprocessing; •  non-continuous data collection by the relevant instituions and organizations resulting in lack of data for certain periods/years and impossibility to track the trend of the given phenomenon; • existing data is owned by different institutions and regular data/information flow has not been established yet, although the legal grounds to that end has been provided.

  6. Future activities • Indicators development is a dynamic process which is subject to continuous updating and improvement. According to the experiences from other countries and international institutions, we are convinced that environmental indicators are effective and useful tool in environmental reporting and efficiency in the implementation of environmental policies. • According to the Law on Environment, the proposed environmental indicators will serve as reporting basis at annual level, and the working groups are obliged to update and improve the respective environmental indicators on continuous basis. • Working groups may propose indicators under additional chapters not elaborated as yet, but deemed to be relevant for the observation of the state of the environment in the Republic of Macedonia (e.g.: noise, chemicals, etc.)..

  7. Country statistics – produced indicators 40 8 24

  8. MK-NI 001 - EMISSIONS OF ACIDIFYING SUBSTANCES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Ambient Air Quality, several bylaws, National Methodology on emissions — CORINAIR, LRTP Convention – (ratified - including EMEP Protocol) • Data source (s):State Statistical Office, Energy balance of the country – Report by the Government; Cadastre of Air polluters and Pollutants; Data from measurements in companies – major polluters: Database on motor vehicles of the Ministry of Interior; Project: Introduction of CORINAIR Inventory Methodology of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.. • Temporal coverage:2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:CORINAIR methodology for inventory and application of the SNAP – selective nomenclature of air pollution. • ROD obligation: yes • Any other international reporting obligation:UNECE/CLRTAP • Problem:There is no data available before 2002 to identify the quantity of emissions of acidifying substances, proper trend is not possible

  9. MK-NI 002 - EMISSIONS OF OZONE PRECURSORS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Ambient Air Quality, several bylaws, National Methodology on emissions — CORINAIR, LRTP Convention – (ratified - including EMEP Protocol) • Data source (s):State Statistical Office, Energy balance of the country – Report by the Government; Cadastre of Air polluters and Pollutants; Data from measurements in companies – major polluters: Database on motor vehicles of the Ministry of Interior; Project: Introduction of CORINAIR Inventory Methodology of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.. • Temporal coverage:2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:CORINAIR methodology for inventory and application of the SNAP – selective nomenclature of air pollution. • ROD obligation: yes • Any other international reporting obligation:UNECE/CLRTAP • Problem:There is no data available before 2002 to identify the quantity of ozone precursors emissions, proper trend is not possible

  10. MK-NI 004 - EXCEEDANCE OF AIR QUALITY LIMIT VALUES IN URBAN AREAS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Ambient Air Quality, Decree on the limit values of levels and types of polluting substances in ambient air and on the alert thresholds, deadlines for the limit values achievement, margins of limit value tolerance, target values and long-term ozone targets , Rulebook on criteria, methods and procedures for ambient air quality • Data source (s):Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning. • Temporal coverage:1998 – 2007, PM10 2003 – 2007 • Methodology for indicator calculation:national in line with the international one. • ROD obligation: yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem: lack of data on the number of population exposed to the given pollutant

  11. MK-NI 006 - CONSUMPTION OF OZONE DEPELTING SUBSTANCES In the period between 1997 and 2007, under the coordination of Ozone Unit, the implemented projects for ODSs phasing-out achieved removal of more than 97% of the total consumption of ODSs in the country. • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on the Ratification of the Vienna Convention , Law on the Ratification of the Montreal Protocol • Data source (s):MEPP/Ozone Unit. • Temporal coverage:1995 - 2007 • Methodology for indicator calculation:international • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:UNIDO, UNEP- Secretariat for Ozone Layer Protection, Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol • Problem:None

  12. MK-NI 007 - THREATENED AND PROTECTED SPECIES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection • Data source (s):Study on the Status of Biological Diversity in the Republic of Macedonia, Strategy and Action Plan for Bilogical Diversity Protection in the Republic ofMacedonia. • Temporal coverage:2003 - 2004 • Methodology for indicator calculation:national in line with the international one • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation:No • Problem:Development of national Red Lists of plants, fungi and animals.

  13. MK-NI 008 - DESIGNATED AREAS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection • Data source (s):CDDA, Emerald database. • Temporal coverage:1948 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:derives from the Law on Nature Protection, EU Directives and provisions of multilateral agreements. • ROD obligation:Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:The CDDA database contains data under the old categorization, The process of revalorization of the currently protected areas and their re-designation in line with the new categorization is in progress.

  14. MK-NI 009 - SPECIES DIVERSITY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection • Data source (s):Grubac, B. & VELEVSKI, M. (2004): Survey and monitoring of the status, breeding success and threats to the Egyptian Vulture in Macedonia- 2004. MES. 28 pp. Report to BVCF/FZS.Emerald Database • Temporal coverage:2004 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:The methodology used by the BritishTrustforOrnithology in their census of breeding birds in the United Kingdom will be used • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:there is no data for the period before 2004, Activities for birds identification, data collection and compilationare in initial stage.

  15. MK-NI 010 - GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Republic of Macedonia is a Party to the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change and to the Kyoto Protocol • Data source (s):First and Second National Communications of Macedonia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change • Temporal coverage:1990 - 2002 • Methodology for indicator calculation:IPPC Methodology for GHG Inventories development . • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: UNFCCC • Problem: lack of national emission factors

  16. MK-NI 011 - PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Republic of Macedonia is a Party to the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change and to the Kyoto Protocol • Data source (s):First and Second National Communications of Macedonia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change • Temporal coverage:2000 - 2025 • Methodology for indicator calculation:WASP software (a tool used in the energy sector development planning), while emissions estimates for other sectors have been made by using the software tool GACMO and expert judgments. • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: UNFCCC • Problem:Lack of national sectoral strategies (especially in energy sector).

  17. MK-NI 014 – LAND TAKE • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Land Survey and Registration • Data source (s):State Statistical Bureau, Energy Balance of the country – Governmental Report; Cadastre of Air Polluters and Pollutants, Data from the measurements of the companies main polluters, Motor Cars Database of the Ministry for Interior, CORINAIR project of the Ministry for Environment and Physical Planning, National Spatial Plan. • Temporal coverage:2000 • Methodology for indicator calculation:CORINELandCover . • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:there is no historical data, proper trend is not possible; this will be overcome with the completion of the second phase of CORINE LandCover 2006

  18. MK-NI 015 – PROGRESS IN MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection, Law on Agricultural Land • Data source (s):Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning • Temporal coverage:2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:National Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Macedonia or Special Study Е • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:The assessment of contaminated site to a great extent relies on the individual expert assessment . Remediation depends on funds availability.

  19. MK-NI 038 – FOREST FIRES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Forests, Law on Natural Rarities Protection • Data source (s):Public Enterprise for Forests Management - "Macedonian Forests" • Temporal coverage:1999 - 2007 • Methodology for indicator calculation:National • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:None

  20. MK-NI 016 – MUNICIPAL WASTE GENERATION • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Waste Management • Data source (s):National Waste Management Plan, MEPP • Temporal coverage:2004 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Estimates and annual reports by municipalities. • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:EUROSTAT • Problem:there is no historical data, available data is provided from the Project on waste management , proper trend is not possible.

  21. MK-NI 018 – USE OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on water • Data source (s):State Statistical Office, Water Management Administration, Public Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprise. • Temporal coverage:1990 - 2004 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Data is collected and processed by sectors and types of industry. • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:OECD/EUROSTAT • Problem:Data is available only for certain sectors. Possibility to collect data on river basin level, as this has been so far done at municipal level and it is shown at the level of whole Republic of Macedonia in the indicator.

  22. MK-NI 019 – OXYGEN CONSUMING SUBSTANCES IN RIVERS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on water • Data source (s):Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Hydrometeorological Administration, Hydrobiological Institute . • Temporal coverage:1988 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Indicators calculation is based on the methodology established by Eurowaternet, determined by the European Topic Centre for water • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem: None

  23. MK-NI 020 – NUTRIENTS IN FRSHWATER • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on water • Data source (s):Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Hydrometeorological Administration, Hydrobiological Institute . • Temporal coverage:1988 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Indicators calculation is based on the methodology established by Eurowaternet, determined by the European Topic Centre for water • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:No continuity of the monitoring of lakes.

  24. MK-NI 022 – BATHING WATER QUALITY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on water, Decree on categorization of water courses, lakes, accumulations and water resources • Data source (s):Republic Institute for Health Protection. • Temporal coverage:1997 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standard methodology for sampling - annual data • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem:Unestablished bathing zones in accordance with the Bathing Directive

  25. MK-NI 024 – URBAN WASTE WATER TREATMENT • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Public Health Protection , Law on water, Decree on categorization of water courses, lakes, accumulations and water resources • Data source (s):Republic Institute for Health Protection. • Temporal coverage:1990 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:In accordance with the requirements of EUROSTAT • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:EUROSTAT • Problem:The percentage of the population covered by municipal wastewater treatment with included biological treatment is very low.

  26. MK-NI 039 – DRINKING WATER QUALITY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on water, Law on Public Health Protection, Law on Drinking Water Supply and Urban Wastewater Collection, Decree on categorization of water courses, lakes, accumulations and water resources • Data source (s):Republic Institute for Health Protection. • Temporal coverage:2001 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standard methodology for monitoring of drinking water quality in line with the number of monitoring points and frequency defined in the Rulebook on drinking water safety • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem :None

  27. MK-NI 040 – IRRIGATED LAND • Legal bases for data collection:Law on water, Decree on categorization of water courses, lakes, accumulations and water resources • Data source (s):State Statistical Office. • Temporal coverage:2001 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Data is collected and processed by years • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:OECD/EUROSTAT • Problem:Data is available for some sectors only

  28. MK-NI 025 – GROSS NUTRIENT BALANCES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection, Law on Agricultural Land • Data source (s):State Statistical Office, Calculation of the gross nitrogen balance was made by the Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food, University of “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje • Temporal coverage: 2000-2004 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Methodology for the indicator calculation has been taken from OECD/Eurostatnationalnutrientbalances, which takes into account all input and output matters in the farm • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:Data used in the calculation of this indicator has been partially based on estimates by experts, using harmonized methodology which might not always reflect specific circumstances in Macedonia

  29. MK-NI 026 – AREAS UNDER ORGANIC FARMING • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment, Law on Organic Farming, Law on Agricultural Land • Data source (s):State Statistical Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Division of Organic farming • Temporal coverage:2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:The method of the European Environmental Agency • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:Impossibility to observe the trend due to the lack of data for several years

  30. MK-NI 08 – MINERAL FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Nature Protection, Law on Agricultural Land • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage:2000-2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:standardized statistical methodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:Data on the quantity of consumed mineral fertilizers contains certain extent of uncertainty, especially when originating from private sector. Some of the values have been obtained by estimation.

  31. MK-NI 09 – CONSUMPTION OF PESTICIDES • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Nature Protection, Law on Agricultural Land, Law on Plants Protection • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage:2000-2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:standardized statistical methodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem:Data on the quantity of consumed pesticides contains certain extent of uncertainty, especially when originating from private sector. Some of the values have been obtained by estimation.

  32. МК - NI 027 - FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Energy, Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: Energy Statistics Methodology Eurostat F4, 1998 • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat, ECE/UN and IEA/OECD • Problem: None

  33. МК - NI 028 - TOTAL ENERGY INTENSITY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Energy, Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: Energy Statistics Methodology Eurostat F4, 1998 • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat, ECE/UN and IEA/OECD • Problem: None

  34. МК - NI 029 - TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Energy, Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: Energy Statistics Methodology Eurostat F4, 1998 • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat, ECE/UN and IEA/OECD • Problem: None

  35. МК - NI 030 - RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Energy, Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: Energy Statistics Methodology Eurostat F4, 1998 • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat, ECE/UN and IEA/OECD • Problem: None

  36. МК - NI 031 - RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Energy, Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: Energy Statistics Methodology Eurostat F4, 1998 • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat, ECE/UN and IEA/OECD • Problem: None

  37. MK - NI 041 - FISH STOCKS CHARACTERISTICS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Fishery and Aquiculture • Data source (s): StateStatisticalOffice • Temporal coverage: 1995 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standardized statistical metodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:FAO – Fisheries and Aquaculture Department • Problem:Uncertainty results from the assumed incomplete data on fish catch in rivers and lakes.

  38. МК - NI 035 - PASSENGER TRANSPORT DEMAND • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Road Transport , Law on Dangerous Goods Transportation in Road and Railroad Transport , Law on Railroads, Law on Rail Transport , Law on Inland Waterway Transport • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Structural indicators of Eurostat on transport State Statistical Office • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat • Problem: None

  39. МК - NI 036 - FREIGHT TRANSPORT DEMAND • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Road Transport , Law on Dangerous Goods Transportation in Road and Railroad Transport , Law on Railroads, Law on Rail Transport , Law on Inland Waterway Transport • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Structural indicators of Eurostat on transport State Statistical Office • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:Eurostat • Problem: None

  40. MK - NI 042 - AIR POLLUTION AND LEAD IN BLODD – LEAD LEVEL IN CHILDREN’S BLOOD • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment , Law on Ambient Air Quality • Data source (s):Republic Institute for Health Protection • Temporal coverage: 2001 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation: national in accordance whit WHO • ROD obligation: Yes • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem: Generally, data is not representative for the whole urban environment in the Republic of Macedonia.

  41. MK – NI 043 - MORTALITY DUE TO RESPIRATORY DISEASES WITH INFANTS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Environment , Law on Ambient Air Quality • Data source (s): State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:national in accordance whit WHO • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation: No • Problem: None

  42. MK – NI 044 - INCIDENCE OF CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Chemicals, Law on Ionising Radiation , Law on Non-Ionising Radiation • Data source (s):National Register of malignant diseases • Temporal coverage:2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:National estimates of incidence rates are standardized to world standard population aged 0 – 14 years: number of new cases per 100000 person-years • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem: None

  43. MK – NI 045 - INCIDENCE OF MELANOMA IN PEOPLE AGED UNDER 55 YEARS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Chemicals, Law on Ionising Radiation , Law on Non-Ionising Radiation • Data source (s):National Register of malignant diseases • Temporal coverage: 2002 - 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:The incidence of melanoma in people aged under 55 years is calculated as the number of new diagnosed cases of melanoma during one year per 100 000 residents.. • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem: None

  44. MK – NI 046 - MORTALITY FROM TRAFFIC ACCIDSENTS WITH CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Traffic Safety at Roads • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 2002 - 2005 • Methodology for indicator calculation:The indicator mortality from traffic accidents (800 and 848) is calculated as rate of deaths attributable to traffic accidents involving persons aged 0 - 14 years and aged 15 - 24 years per 100 000 residents from among the said age groups. • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:World Health Organisation • Problem: None

  45. МК – NI 047 - TOURISM INTENSITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Tourist Activity, Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection, Law on Waste Management, Law on Ambient Air Quality, Law on Waters • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 1997 – 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standardized statistical methodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:EUROSTAT, World Tourist Organization • Problem: None

  46. МК – NI 048 - TOURISM INTENSITY AND FACILITIES DYNAMICS • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Tourist Activity, Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection, Law on Waste Management, Law on Ambient Air Quality, Law on Waters • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 1997 – 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standardized statistical methodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:EUROSTAT, World Tourist Organization • Problem: None

  47. МК – NI 049 - ECONOMIC VALUE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY • Legal bases for data collection:Law on Tourist Activity, Law on Environment, Law on Nature Protection, Law on Waste Management, Law on Ambient Air Quality, Law on Waters • Data source (s):State Statistical Office • Temporal coverage: 1997 – 2006 • Methodology for indicator calculation:Standardized statistical methodology • ROD obligation: No • Any other international reporting obligation:EUROSTAT • Problem: None

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