Download
1 / 33
370 likes | 532 Vues
Organic Chemistry. Carbon is very important here on the earth because: It is found in all living things It is used as fuel that produces energy It is a component of food. An allotrope is an element with more than one natural form. There are three allotropes of carbon: diamond graphite
E N D
Organic Chemistry • Carbon is very important here on the earth because: • It is found in all living things • It is used as fuel that produces energy • It is a component of food. • An allotrope is an element with more than one natural form. There are three allotropes of carbon: • diamond • graphite • fullerenes (bucky balls)
Organic Chemistry • Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds. • Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called isomers. • A structural formula indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms.
Organic Chemistry • Structural isomers are isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders. C4H10 C4H10 Continuous chain of 4 carbon atoms Continuous chain of 3 carbon atoms with a side-branch of 1 more carbon
Organic Chemistry • Geometric isomers are isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different. C2H2Cl2 1,2-dichloroethene
Saturated Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are grouped mainly by the type of bonding between carbon atoms. Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms. Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds are alkanes. Examples of alkanes include: gases of low mass containing one to four carbon atoms like methane, ethane, propane, and butane. liquids of medium mass like gasoline and kerosene. solids of high mass like paraffin (candle wax).
Alkanes The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 C2H6 C3H8 Single bonds only in alkanes!
Naming Alkanes Unbranched chains
Naming Alkanes Branched chains Name the parent hydrocarbon (longest continuous chain). Add the names of the alkyl groups in front of the name of the parent hydrocarbon in alphabetical order. Number the carbon atoms in the parent hydrocarbon to give the lowest numbers possible in the name. Insert position numbers in front of the name of that alkyl group. Punctuate the name. Separate the position numbers from the names with hyphens. If there are more than one number in front of a name, separate the numbers by commas.
Naming Alkanes Unbranched chains
Naming Alkanes Unbranched chains
Naming Alkanes Sample Problem #1
Naming Alkanes Sample Problem #2
Naming Alkanes Sample Problem #3
Naming Alkanes Sample Problem #4
Alkenes The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n C3H6 propene Contain at least one double bond!
Alkynes The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2 C2H2 Contain at least one triple bond!
Naming Alkenes and Alkynes Name the parent hydrocarbon from longest continuous chain that contains the double or triple bond. Add the names of the alkyl groups in front of the name of the parent hydrocarbon in alphabetical order. Number the carbon atoms in the parent hydrocarbon to give the lowest numbers possible in the name. Insert position numbers in front of the name of that alkyl group. Punctuate the name. Separate the position numbers from the names with hyphens. If there are more than one number in front of a name, separate the numbers by commas.
Worksheet Organic Chemistry
Bell Ringer5-16-07 Please pick up a highlighter on your way in, then go over to the table under the screen and get all papers that belong to you.Identify the compounds below.
