Vietnam Agriculture Crop Production 2014 Report

1. VIETNAM COUNTRY REPORT (PRESENTS AT AFACI - GAP PROJECT EXPERT WORKSHOP, JUNE 2015, PHILIPPINES) HA NOI - 2015

2. VIETNAM AGRICULTURE

3. CROPS PRODUCTION 2014 • Rice sowing Area: 7,800,000 ha. Yield: 5,74 t/ha; Production: 44.84 millions. • Maize: Area 1,178,900 ha; Yield: 44t/ha; Production: 5,2 million tons. • Vegetable: Area 873,000 ha, Production: 15.3 millions tons. • Fruits: Area832,000 ha, growth2.5% MARD, 2014

4. Agricultural land per capita • Global Average: 1.20 ha • Vietnam: 0.104ha, eq. 8,7% of Global average

5. OVERALL TARGETS • Sustainable Agriculture • Prosperous Rural Areas • Wealthy Farmers

6. NEW VISSION FOR AGRICULTURE Every Decade: • Production Growth increase by 20%, ensuring food security at national and household levels • Poverty reduced by 20% • GHG emission reduced by 20%

7. PRIORITIES • Food Security and safety • Natural disaster mitigation and Environment protection • Human Resources Development

8. MEASURES • Sector Production Restructuring with emphasis on high-value and deep processing • Science and Technology • Infrastruction improvement • International Integration • Administration Governace Improvement

9. 3 Pillars/Group of measures • Science and Technology Development • Policy renovation (land policy, human resource development, farmer-centered approach) • Small and Medium Enterprises

10. VAAS’s member institutions

11. Objectives: Improvement of quality and safety of agricultural commodities in the Asian countries through the establshment of GAP inforamtion network between the AFACI memebers. The project mainly aims to promote national GAP program for assuring quality and safety of agricultural products, especially vegetables and fresh fruits for providing to both local and export markets. Development of Locally-Appropriate Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) Programs and Agricultural Produce Safety Information System

12. Implementing agency: Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS). Principal investigator: Prof. Dr Nguyen Van Tuat Working team: Mr Nguyen Hoang Long and Le Thi Lien Project duration: 3 years commencing from 2012 September to 2015 August Total budget: 30,000 USD

13. Introduction/Background: In Vietnam, there are more than 120 species with tropical, semi-tropical and temperate originals. Thanks to advanced technologies, there are many off-season vegetables being grown for meeting the domestic consumption as well as processing for exporting. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) have been conducted in many countries in the world, and have contributed effectively in safety food producing in general and in safety vegetables and fruits in particularly. AFACI-GAP initiative in September, 26, 2012 the VAAS has signed the MOU under the AFACI program to joint the AFACI-GAP international team.

14. Project on the GAP practice in Vietnam has conducted a several activities based on the agreements of the project document. A survey of key vegetable crops has been taken place in northern part of Vietnam, identifying their achievement and constraints in vegetable safe production. During the survey and training for farmers and local technicians through the approach” learning by doing” there are some consultancy and advice for them how to meet the GAP standards, how to pursue the technical guidelines/protocols. Activity Summary of AFACI project:

15. According to the current existing production and requirement of integration of agricultural products, of which vegetables and fruits play a key role; learn experiences of the other countries, the Vietnam Government and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) have issued a number of documents served as legal foundations for activities related to producing and carrying business on vegetables and fruits. Good agriculture practice (GAP) is strongly supported by the Vietnam Government. This is clearly shown via issuing the Law on Food Safety, which effects since the 1st July 2011. The law indicates requirements of setting up legal regulations and road map of required implementation of applying the Good Manufacture Practices (GMP), Good Agriculture Practices (GAP)…. and other advanced management systems for food safety during the foods production and business. Legislation and GAP organization:

16. GAP standard (Original document/English translation) The view point of Vietnam government The Law on food safety has come into the effect since 2011, 1st July, requesting establish the legal regulatory guidelines and perform the roadmap for the GAP implementation. It’s necessary to apply the advanced system of quality controlling food safety during the production process and trading the agricultural commodities. The information and communication are important parts in the country social economic structure, also as a key economic trade branch

17. GAP Mannuals and field experience on the target crops • On January 28th , 2008 the VietGAP standards has been officially released by the MARD. The key points in this standards are as followed: • The meaning of the VietGAP standards is Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices, wich is based on 4 criteria namely: • Standard for production technology. • Food safety including the measure not to allow chemical residues, harmful microorganisms and fysical contamination. • Working environment is good enough to prevent over imployment of manpower of farmers. • Traceability of origin of products. It allows to record the whole production process begining from produccing to realization of commodities.

18. In details there are necessary key factors in agricultural production such as: - Assessment and selection of site for production - Seedlings - Management of soils and substrates - Fertilizers and additives - Water - Chemicals using (including pesticide) - Harvest and post-harvest treatment - Waste management and treatment - Workers - Recording, keeping, traceability and retrieving products - Internal inspection - Complaining and solving the complains

19. Action plans • GAP Training program and workshop • Training were prepared based on the need of field practices and the crops are potential and economical meaning for growers. The information and knowledge, technical guidelines/protocols have being gathered from previous research findings and reviewing by the project team based on the farmers/technicians feedback, responses through their field practices. Farmers were selected by different criteria such as land size, crops growing, collectivity working ability, etc • Publications • There are two technical guide books will be issued in early 2015 for GAP implementation practices. So far the information and formatting are under the preparation. • Others • Some activities such as consultancy on GAP designing and performing for companies/ cooperatives have been conducted, that links to other project activities like Plant Clinic services, plantwise project in Vietnam, especially for insect pests and diseases monitoring and control. (IPM consultancy for vegetables).

20. Project contents: • Survey the status of vegetable production and realization of safe vegetables • Training growers the protocols for safe vegetable production VietGAP in commercial vegetable growing areas in order to achieve clean, safety without pesticides residues and free of pests. • Set up network of necesssary information for dissemination of VietGAP standards for provinces, districts, communes and the list of commodities produced by VietGAP guidelines.

21. Achievement Vietnam delegate has attended the first planning workshop in Seoul, Korea in September, 24-28, 2012. 12.1. First year: (2012.9- 2013.8) In the first year of the project beside the management activities, in order to fulfill the assignment on “Assessment of the status of National food safety policy and legislation system, GAP Programs and activities, existence at production level of major fresh fruits and vegetables member countries”, the following activities have been conducted: Activity 1: Conduct a survey in regions growing vegetable and fruits about the agricultural products followed GAP/ VietGAP Activity 2: Assess existing documents on GAP/ VietGAP Activities 3: Identify the target group/ areas/ crops for training on GAP/ VietGAP Activity 4: Collect, write and edit document on instructions of growing some key common vegetables followed VietGAP/ GAP.

22. Technical workshop at VAAS headquarter was held in October 2012 with aims to introduce the AFACI-GAP project, discus about GAP and VietGAP in particular for Vietnam; identify groups of needed vegetables crops, project sites, project counterparts, formulating working groups, encourage the techniques, methodology and approach to implement the GAP guidelines. A status survey: + Survey of current status of vegetables producing and commercializing safe vegetables towards VietGAP in Hanoi City. The survey showed that total vegetable productivity were 569,802.00 tons/year, of which 20% were categorized as safety standards. Other vegetables species namely leafy, tuber, fruit vegetables are also covered in the survey Fig 1. Pruning and fertilizing guava

23. + In Hanoi there are 300 sites-shops have been established for selling safe vegetables, of which 50 are under operating in resident living areas, organizations of Thanh xuan, Ha dong, Dong da, Hoan kiem, Ba dinh districts with the selling amount 100-150 kg vegetables per site in one week. + Survey a current status and realization of safe guava in Hanoi: the area under guava is 125 ha mainly growing in commune Cukhoi– Long bien district having the long-term traditional fruit growing experiences with good soil properties. The large area can be used for the guava GAP practices with certification of 114.5 ha. + Survey a current status of safe vegetables production and realization in Gia loc District, Hai duong province: Main vegetables include winter cabbage, muskmelon with cultural practice pattern as follows: Winter Rice- Muskmelon- cabbage- kohlrabi/ cauliflower.

24. + Survey a status of production and consumption of safe Thanh ha lychee in Hai duong province: • The site name: Thanh son commune, Thanh ha district, Hai duong province. Scope of survey: 25 households per village. The area under lychee in Thanh ha is 4,930 ha and productivity is 23,300 tons and has certified as specific geographical indication for the trade name “Thanh ha Lychee” by the State IP Department of Vietnam. • In the survey we found that when farmers apply advanced technologies in lychee cultivation, especialy the use of fertilizers, waterring regime and pesticide application are considered as very important measures for lychee growth.

25. Second year (2013.9-2014.8) • Vietnam hosted the first annual AFACI-GAP review meeting in Hanoi City, dated 13-17 May 2013. • Organized training course on “Technical protocols for guava safe production towards VietGAP standards” in Long bien district, Hanoi City, in October 2013 with 30 participants. • Organized training course on “Technical protocols for green been safe production towards VietGAP standards” in Van duc commune, Gia lam district, Hanoi City, in March 2014 with 30 participants. • Updating always the website for knowledge dissemination of safe vegetable production protocols/guideleines, goverment policy and recommendation papers released, adviertizing the VietGAP products available in webpage: www.gap.vietnam.com

26. There several articles relating to VietGAP activities published and/or loaded in the website: • Thanh nien newspaper: Delivering VietGAP vegetables to cinsumers” dated March 12, 2014 • Newspaper “Sai gon Giai phong” on line, “ Changing the life due to safe vegetables”, dated March 30, 2014 • Newspaper “Nong nghiep Vietnam” with article” Pineapple VietGAP give high yield”, June 30, 2014 • Website vietgap.gov.vn, article “A glance at all activities for trade promotion”, June, 11, 2014 • Newspaper “Nong nghiep Vietnam”, article: “ VietGAP vegetables in Binhdinh province”, Mrach , 26, 2014

27. Uploaded in websites: • Protocols for GAP practices for fresh safe vegetables, fruits • Techniques for VietGAP vegetables producing • Measures for insect pests and diseases management in organic vegetable producing. • Techniques for tomato safe prodcution persuing VietGAP standards • Techniques for cucumber safe production persuing VietGAP standards • Techniques for planting and plant care of guava safe production persuing VietGAP standards

29. Assessment of activities resutls • There is no abstacles during the project implementing, but so far the site for training course only located in near Hanoi City. The other provinces such as Lao cai, Nghe an, Quang binh,... are needed for such a training course. • Training course should be performed in time as crop growth timing required and baed on farmers needs. • The results of assessment of current status of prodcution and consuming of guava, vegetables, lychee in Hanoi, Hai duong showed as follows: • Constraints and difficulties in applying VietGAP: • Although the VietGAP production of safe foods have and being confirmed their important role, but its scope still remains at very modest figures, taking only 0.1 % of total cultivation areas. The application of VietGAP face a number of difficulties and constraints.

30. Difficulties and constraints can be summarized in the following: • Small field size, field scatered in agricultural sector • Knowledge and attitude of growers are still not good in pursuing VietGAP standards • There are some networks in safe agricultural production (Vietnam organic association,...) have been established, but they are in weak linkage of all stages in production chain, especialy between growers and consumers. • High cost for certification for VietGAP standards, over farmer ability to pay while the beneficiary of VietGAP still unclear for all partners (farmers, consumers, policy makers,traders,...) • Farmers face difficulties in persuing all required records of field actitivites for certification issue.

31. Some points in VietGAP standards are difficult for farmers to perform and some requests are non-practicable, non- feasible for some targets commodities. • The certification of VietGAP has not yet come to their nature, serving the real needs of growers and traders, it mainly conducting based on the project goals and support from the projects, programs, but not from the market demands yet. • There are the opinions that the implementation of VietGAP standards require a long term time, therefore, it needs to train farmer in field activities recording. • The important factor for successful safe GAP production is sustainable market. The linkage between 4 stakeholders should be strong and the enterprises have to agree with farmers in consuming their products with both side beneficiary and convenience.

32. Third year (2014.9-2015.8) • - Xuất bản 02 cuốn sách: • + Quy trình sản xuất ổi an toàn • + Quy trình sản xuất đậu an toàn. • Đánh giá kết quả 02 lớp tập huấn sau 01 năm thực hiện tại Gia Lâm và Long Biên, Hà Nội. • - Hoàn thiện và cập nhật thường xuyên Website phổ biến kiến thức thực hành an toàn nông nghiệp.

33. Đánh giá chung toàn dự án • Dự án đã giúp đánh giá được thực trạng việc áp dụng VietGAP trong sản xuất nông nghiệp an toàn, tuy nhiên mới đánh giá được tại Hải Dương và Hà Nội (mỗi tỉnh 01 huyện) nên chưa đánh giá được tổng quát trên diện rộng. • Giúp tuyên truyền việc áp dụng rộng rãi thực hành nông nghiệp tốt GAP trong sản xuất trồng trọt là một giải pháp chủ yếu quan trọng trong Chiến lược phát triển ngành trồng trọt nhằm nâng cao chất lượng, đảm bảo ATTP, bảo vệ môi trường đáp ứng yêu cầu ngày càng cao của người tiêu dùng, trên cơ sở đó tăng giá trị gia tăng, hiệu quả sản xuất trồng trọt. • Từng bước thiết lập khuôn khổ pháp lý và tổ chức thực hiện lộ trình bắt buộc áp dụng GAP trong quá trình sản xuất trồng trọt theo quy định của Luật An toàn thực phẩm năm 2011. • Giúp một phần đẩy mạnh tổ chức liên kết sản xuất giữa nông dân và doanh nghiệp xây dựng cánh đồng lớn, vùng nguyên liệu áp dụng VietGAP;

34. Đánh giá chung toàn dự án (Tiếp) Góp phần giúp địa phương tham gia tập huấn lập kế hoạch triển khai quy trình sản xuất rau, quả theo hướng VietGAP, GlobalGAP nhằm đảm bảo tiêu chuẩn chất lượng và vệ sinh an toàn thực phẩm. Xác định đối tượng rau, quả có tiềm năng xuất khẩu hoặc đang có thị trường để sản xuất theo tiêu chuẩn GAP. Tuyên truyền giúp cho người sản xuất và doanh nghiệp nhận thức đúng đắn về các rào cản kỹ thuật có thể gặp phải và sự cần thiết phải thay đổi cách thức hoạt động của các doanh nghiệp trong thời gian tới. Cần có những đơn vị nghiên cứu, theo dõi và cung cấp các thông tin về các yêu cầu rào cản kỹ thuật triển khai việc thực hiện các hệ thống quản l‎ý có liên quan tới chất lượng, môi trường, pháp luật của từng đối tác nhập khẩu cho các đơn vị sản xuất, chế biến, xuất khẩu và những cơ quan chức năng có liên quan nắm được.

35. Suggestions • It needs more budget to build the field demonstration models to VietGAP standards (vegetables, fruits) • More guide books for other protocols for vegetables, safety foods to VietGAP standards • Maintenance fee for website even after terminating the project for dissemination of knowledge, safety foods, news commodities produced by VietGAP standards, supporting technicians to help farmers in GAP practices. • When the project terminates it needs to develop new phase with aims to address to clients requirement, so that farmers can be benefited from the GAP production chain.

36. Some pictures of project activitiesFigure 1. Training course on Guava GAP prodcution, from October, 25, 2013 in Long bien, Hanoi, Vietnam

37. Figure 2. Training course on green bean GAP production, from March 22, 2014 in Van duc Commune, Gia lam, Hanoi

38. Late Longan Varieties: HTM-1, HTM-2, PHM99.1.1, PHM99.2.1 • Harvested on: 25/8 – 20/9 (20-30 days later than main longan) • Stable/regular flowering and fruit setting. • Good quality, higher price than main longan varieties

39. Hung Long lychee variety fruit tree varietal selection

40. Chanmong Cayen pineapple variety Chinese Cayen pineapple variety • Fruit weight: 1.5 kg • Yield: 50-55tons/ha • Fruit quality: good, could be used for fresh consumption and processing

41. GL1 mango variety GL6 mango variety

42. TL1 dragon fruit variety (Red) LD5 dragon fruit variety (violet )

43. Hybrid cucumber variety: CV29 • Crop cycle: 80-90 days • Fruit size: (3.5-4) x (25-35) cm • Yield: 40 tons/ha (two harvests) • Downy mildew and powdery mildew resistant • Suitable for both fresh consumption and salting

44. Vegetable production in soilless substrate (Hydroponics)

45. Hot pepper variety: HB9 • Crop cycle: 110-120 days • Most suitable planting season: Fall-Winter and Spring-Summer. • Yield: 20-25 tons/ha (30-35 tons/ha with intensive cropping) • Anthracnose resistance • Suitable for processing

46. Thank you