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GERMAN GRAMMAR?!?!? UGH!!!!!!

GERMAN GRAMMAR?!?!? UGH!!!!!!. Was habe ich schon gelernt?. What do you know about the parts of a sentence?. Last year the rich gentleman bought his wife a beautiful house at the beach. What do we need to know about nouns?. They have a gender (masculine, feminine or neuter)

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GERMAN GRAMMAR?!?!? UGH!!!!!!

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  1. GERMAN GRAMMAR?!?!?UGH!!!!!! Was habe ich schon gelernt?

  2. What do you know about the parts of a sentence? Last year the rich gentleman bought his wife a beautiful house at the beach.

  3. What do we need to know about nouns? • They have a gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) • They sometimes change in the plural • Their articles (and sometimes the noun itself) change depending on the case CASE?!?!?!? What do we mean by ‘case’?

  4. German Cases • Nominativ – the case of the subject The boy is 14 years old. (Der Junge ist 14 Jahre alt.) • Akkusativ – the case of the direct object He has a brother and a sister. (Er hat einen Bruder und eine Schwester.) • Dativ – the case of the indirect object He gave his mother flowers for her birthday. (Er hat seiner Mutter Blumen zu ihrem Geburtstag gegeben.) • Genitiv – the case of possession His mother’s name is Erika. (Der Name seiner Mutter ist Erika.)

  5. In German, there are other times when a certain case is needed…

  6. Prepositionslittle words… big trouble-makers • Two-Way • an • auf • hinter • in • neben • über • unter • vor • zwischen • These prepositions take Accusative when • motion is indicated and Dative when • location (stationary position) is indicated. Akkusativ durch für gegen ohne um Dativ aus außer bei mit nach seit von zu

  7. How do the articles (definite and indefinite) change in the four cases? The definite article “der” and all of the “der-words” are declined like this: “der-words” dies- (this) jen- (that) jed- (each) manch- (some) solch- (such) welch- (which) alle- (all)

  8. The indefinite article and all of the “ein-words” are declined like this: ein-words: kein – no,not a mein - my dein – your sein/ihr/sein – his/her/its unser - our euer - your ihr - their Ihr - your

  9. Pronouns take the place of nouns. So that means they change in the different cases too! Personal Pronouns:

  10. What about the Interrogative Pronouns … Other Interrogatives (question words) are: Wie? - how Wann? - when Warum? - why Was für ein? – what kind of Wo? - where Wohin? – to where Woher? – from where Wieviel? – how much Wie viele? – how many

  11. …and the Reflexive Pronouns?

  12. The Dreaded Adjective Ending In German, attributive adjectives (that means adjectives that stand before nouns) take endings that will change depending upon: • gender, • number, • case, and • whether they are preceded by a “der-word”, an “ein-word” or neither

  13. If the adjective is not preceded by a “der-word” or “ein-word”, it will take the following endings: Unpreceded Adjective Endings

  14. If the adjective is preceded by a “der-word” it will take the following endings: Adjective Endings Preceded by “der-words”

  15. If the adjective is preceded by an “ein-word” it will take the following endings: Adjective Endings Preceded by “ein-words”

  16. VERBS!!!!! • the unconjugated form of the verb is called the verb infinitive. • in a sentence, verbs must be conjugated to agree with their subjects. • The two most important verbs in German are: haben – to have ich habe du hast er/sie/es hat wir haben ihr habt sie haben Sie haben sein – to be ich bin du bist er/sie/es ist wir sind ihr seid sie sind Sie sind

  17. Another useful group of verbs are the Modal Verbs Modal verbs are very easy to use, though their conjugations are irregular in the singular. They are conjugated to agree with the subject and are used in conjunction with a verb infinitive like this: Ich will heute abend ins Kino gehen. The Modal Verbs you already know are… dürfen – to be allowed to können – to be able to müssen – to have to sollen – to be supposed to wollen – to want to mögen – to like möchten – would like (the subjunctive form of mögen)

  18. Special groups of verbs include: • Stem-vowel changing verbs (z.B. essen, lesen) 2. Separable prefix verbs (z.B. aufmachen, mitkommen) • Inseparable prefix verbs the inseparable prefixes are: be- emp- ent- er- ge- ver- zer-

  19. When we talk about verbs, we speak of: Tense: Present, Simple (or narrative) Past, Conversational Past, Past Perfect, Future, and Future Perfect Voice: Active or Passive Mood: Indicative or Subjunctive

  20. The tenses you have learned so far are: Present:verb stem or -e -en changed verb stem + -(e)st -(e)t -(e)t -en -en Future: conjugated form of the verb werden + another verb infinitive Conversational Past: conjugated form + past participle of haben or sein(these must be memorized)

  21. Simple (or Narrative) Past Regular Verbs: -(e)te -(e)ten Verb stem + -(e)test -(e)tet -(e)te -(e)ten Irregular Verbs: Changed stem + - -en -(e)st -(e)t - -en Mixed Verbs: Changed stem + -te -ten -test -tet -te -ten

  22. That crazy German Word Order “Whenever the literary German dives into a sentence, that is the last you are going to see of him till he emerges on the other side of his Atlantic with his verb in his mouth.” - Mark Twain, American writer and journalist, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court In statements, the verb must always be in the 2nd position! As long as the verb remains the second sentence element, other elements in the sentence can be moved around. Wir spielen heute Fußball. Heute spielen wir Fußball Fußball spielen wir heute.

  23. Types of German Word Order • Normal: Subject - Verb Der Junge hat eine Schwester. • Inverted: Verb – Subject Hat der Junge eine Schwester? • Transposed: Verb at the end of the clause Ich weiß nicht, ob der Junge eine Schwester hat. TMP: When there are several descriptive expressions in a sentence, they will be arranged in the order: Time, Manner, Place

  24. Conjunctions determine word order in a clause! Coordinating Conjunctions - do NOT affect word order. They include: aber, denn, oder, und, sondern z.B. Ich kann am Wochenende nicht ins Kino gehen, denn ich habe kein Geld. Subordinating Conjunctions – bump the conjugated verb to the end of the clause. They include: als, als ob, bis, damit, daß, bevor, indem, ob, obwohl, seitdem, während, weil, wenn z.B. Ich kann am Wochenende nicht ins Kino gehen, weil ich kein Geld habe.

  25. What do we still need to learn? • Subjunctive Mood • Passive Voice • Relative Clauses

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