PSUPT FERDINAND R QUIRANTE

1. WELCOME CROWD CONTROL / PUBLIC ASSEMBLY PSUPT FERDINAND R QUIRANTE

2. Order of Presentation • Crowd Control • Kinds of CDM Formation • Rules for the use of Formation • Batas Pambansa Bilang. 880

3. Crowd Control

4. Crowd Is a large number of persons collected into a close body without order There is a lose of individuality in the unit

5. Kinds of Crowd Casual Crowd- an assemblage of people showing no group behavior but merely of contact. 2.Psychological Crowd- an assemblage of people who have common intent or respond emotionally to the same stimuli.

6. Example: - ballgame - political rally - parade - fires - accidents

7. When can crowd become hostile? When the police officer lacks judgment When crowd started to throw derogatory remarks. Showing and the like cause resentment and are self-defeating When the crowd losses Impartiality and courtesy to hold the key to any situation involving people.

8. Mob and Riot Mob- a crowd subjected to intense excitement or agitation whose members lose respect for law and order and follow their leaders in mass. Riot- it is a mob that seeks to violate each and every police goals

9. Types of Violence used by Mobs Verbal and Written abuse- tactics used to anger and demoralize police officers. Noise- tends to fatigue and demoralize the police and it also interfere with police command and control.

10. Attack on police and policeequipments- this is done to damage and cripple police vehicle and disrupt police action against violators. Throw objects- police officers should be on the look out for troubled areas where objects are available to violators, EX: molotov bombs, pillboxes, feces, urine, stone, etc.

11. Moving vehicles- used to destroy roadblocks and police formations. Destruction of property and looting- private residence and business may have windows broken or set into a fire or business establishments may be looted of merchandize. Use of weapons and firearms- these are used in fighting police officers either by selective snipping or massed fire

12. Tactics used by Mobs Numerous false alarms directed to police department causing the premature or incorrect deployment of fire equipments and resources. False calls of “officers in trouble” resulting in that deployment of police manpower to a certain areas. This can be used to divert police resources or to cause police officers to converge on a certain area and attract larger crowds for the agitator to incite. Interfering with police officer in his line of duty forcing him to take action against the agitation or at least diverting him from his primary duty. This tactics is followed by cries of “police brutality”

13. Handling and Quelling Disorder Factors affecting handling of disorder a. Proper selection of men- the selection of officers for a crowd control is of vital importance and should be made with extreme care when possible. This includes temperament attitude, fear, unit leader and physical fitness. b. Intelligence- it is very important in determining the number of personnel and equipments necessary to police a crowd.

14. Example: Time of event Location Sponsor Physical features of the area Estimated number of participants Expected weather condition

15. Psychological background of the area population Identification of leaders and the rioting factions Objectives equipments

16. c. Uniforms- should be complete and in good repair. The officer who is neat in appearance with a clean uniform is a symbol of law and order and will affect the crowds psychologically d. Protective equipments- baton, shotgun, helmet with visor, gas equipment with mask, boots, shields, communication equipments, etc.

17. Tactics a. Rapid dispersion- the 1st tactical principle that must be considered. The mob, if permitted to operate over a long period of time, commits acts of violence, become bold, dangerous and uncontrollable. b. Prevention of Assemble - when the 1st princple has been successfully accomplished. The professional agitators and leaders will attempt to reorganize. It is important to prevent further gatherings, eliminating additional policing problems.

18. The following methods can be used: Mobile units patrolling the area Develop a system of guard on fixed post Roving for patrol Develop system of communication

19. c. Arrest of Leaders- it is a known fact that a mob without a leader is not a major problem, therefore, agitators should be removed or arrested from the scene of the disturbance as soon as possible.

20. d. Crowd and Control formation • 1. Four Basic riot control formation • a. Column- used generally for approach to the riot area • b. Skirmisher Line- used in confronting the mob, to advance against it, for display of force or to block off an area • c. Wedge- used in clearing streets and splitting the mob • d. Diagonal- (right or left echelon) used to drive the mob in a given direction.

21. Variations Stand-by formation Single line Double line Wedge Umbrella Box or circle Baton charge Arrow

22. Rules for use of Formations Movement of any riot control formation whether it be offensive or defensive, should always be a unit; b. Each formation should have a reserve which will serve under the officer in command as he dictates to meet the demands of the situation; c. The officer commanding the unit must always be at the rear of the line of contact during the action

23. d. The choice of formation and tactics used must always be such that no members of the mob can get into the rear of the unit e. It is not advisable to commit a small formation too deeply into a mob or crowd. If the unit is small and the crowd is very large, contact should be avoided and the mob handled from a distance, taking advantage the use of smoke, long range gas and other tactical means

24. f. If retreat becomes necessary furring unforse3en change in the situation, the retreat should always be made in formation, slowly so as not to give an indication of panic and with the men facing toward the mob g. Changes in formation and movements should always be done in a quick manner; h. Should any member of the mob lay hands on the member of the unit and try to pull him out of the formation, other members of the unit especially those at the revere should converge on the spot and subdue the rioters.

25. KINDS OF CDM FORMATION

26. Stand By Formation

27. Single Line Formation

28. Double Line Formation

29. Wedge Formation

30. U Formation

31. Arrow Formation

32. Closed Formation

33. Push Formation

34. Cover Formation

37. Rules for the use of Formation • Should always be a unit. • Should have a reserve. • Officer must always be at the rear. • No members of the mob can get can get into rear. • Contact must be avoided.

38. Rules for the use of Formation • Retreat should always be made in formation and with the man facing toward the mob. • Changes in formation should always be done in quick manner. • Should converge on the spot and subdue the rioters.

39. BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG. 880

40. BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG. 880 AN ACT ENSURING THE FREE EXERCISE BY THE PEOPLE OF THEIR RIGHT PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE AND PETITION THE GOVERNMENT FOR OTHER PURPOSES Section 1.Title - This Act shall be known as "The Public Assembly Act of 1985."

41. Section 2.Declaration of policy The constitutional right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances is essential and vital to the strength and stability of the State. To this end, the State shall ensure the free exercise of such right without prejudice to the rights of others to life, liberty and equal protection of the law.

42. Section 3.Definition of terms - For purposes of this Act: • (a) "Public assembly" means any rally, demonstration, march, parade, procession or any other form of mass or concerted action held in a public place for the purpose of presenting a lawful cause; or expressing an opinion to the general public on any particular issue; or protesting or influencing any state of affairs whether political, economic or social; or petitioning the government for redress of grievances. • The processions, rallies, parades, demonstrations, public meetings and assemblages for religious purposes shall be governed by local ordinances: Provided, however, That the declaration of policy as provided in Section 2 of this Act shall be faithfully observed. • The definition herein contained shall not include picketing and other concerted action in strike areas by workers and employees resulting from a labor dispute as defined by the Labor Code, its implementing rules and regulations, and by the Batas Pambansa Bilang 227.

43. (b) "Public place" shall include any highway, boulevard, avenue, road, street, bridge or other thoroughfare, park, plaza, square, and/or any open space of public ownership where the people are allowed access.

44. (c) "Maximum tolerance" means the highest degree of restraint that the military, police and other peace keeping authorities shall observe during a public assembly or in the dispersal of the same.

45. (d) "Modification of permit" shall include the change of the place and time of the public assembly, rerouting of the parade or street march, the volume of loud-speakers or sound system and similar changes.

46. Section 4.Permit when required and when not required A written permit shall be required for any person or persons to organize and hold a public assembly in a public place. However, no permit shall be required if the public assembly shall be done or made in a freedom park duly established by law or ordinance or in private property, in which case only the consent of the owner or the one entitled to its legal possession is required, or in the campus of a government-owned and operated educational institution which shall be subject to the rules and regulations of said educational institution. Political meetings or rallies held during any election campaign period as provided for by law are not covered by this Act.

47. Section 5.Application requirements All applications for a permit shall comply with the following guidelines: (a) The applications shall be in writing and shall include the names of the leaders or organizers; the purpose of such public assembly; the date, time and duration thereof, and place or streets to be used for the intended activity; and the probable number of persons participating, the transport and the public address systems to be used.

48. (b) The application shall incorporate the duty and responsibility of applicant under Section 8 hereof. (c) The application shall be filed with the office of the mayor of the city or municipality in whose jurisdiction the intended activity is to be held, at least five (5) working days before the scheduled public assembly.

49. (d) Upon receipt of the application, which must be duly acknowledged in writing, the office of the city or municipal mayor shall cause the same to immediately be posted at a conspicuous place in the city or municipal building.

50. Section 6.Action to be taken on the application - (a) It shall be the duty of the mayor or any official acting in his behalf to issue or grant a permit unless there is clear and convincing evidence that the public assembly will create a clear and present danger to public order, public safety, public convenience, public morals or public health.