Louisville = 38 o N

2. Louisville = 38oN

8. Tropical Rainforest

9. Savanna

10. Chaparral (Mediterranean Scrubland)

11. Desert

12. Temperate Grasslands

13. Temperate Deciduous Forest

14. Temperate Evergreen Forest

15. Taiga

16. Tundra

22. Since temperature & precipitation varies a lot within, and across, biomes… ….what is an easier way to distinguish between them?

23. By The Plants !

24. How can climate be modified locally?

25. 1) Elevation

26. Tundra in Rocky Mountains of Colorado

27. 2) Direction of Slope

28. Direction of Slope Moss Lichen Cooler temperatures & higher moisture on North- and East-facing sides…

29. 3) Rain Shadow Rains and snows more where air first rises over mountains. Other side of mountain is drier.

30. 4) Bodies of Water Lake Michigan brings more snow in winter and cooler temperatures in summer.

32. London Fog Oceans have specific directions of current too !

33. Oasis in Libyan desert

34. 5) Human Activity Part A - “Heat-Island Effect” ….the presence of buildings and asphalt causes a rise of 2-10oF in urban areas.

35. “Heat-Island Effect” In 2003, researchers confirmed a “weekend effect”…that weather in cities is different on weekends than on weekdays…probably due to “Heat Island Effect “ and air pollution.

36. All of the earth’s oxygen, as well as the protective ozone (O3), is from plant photosynthesis! Part B - “Global Warming” (“Greenhouse Effect”) ..page 1222 of your book. CO2 acts like glass Rising due to burning oil, coal, wood, natural gas, etc. sun CO2 + H2O Sugar + O2 Notice that the earth “breathes” during the year!

37. Part C - “Desertification” Converting land into Desert by removal of plant material by people or livestock Plant removal causes erosion of topsoil (which is where the nutrients are)

39. Easter Island is now completely deforested…..

40. Satellite Image of Uganda Gorilla Forest Livestock

41. World’s Longest Fence !

42. Wangari Maathai In 1970’s, as a veterinarian she encouraged local women to plant trees in Kenyan, instead of just harvesting them. Opposed commercial development projects, too. Suffered physical attacks & arrest. Planted 30 million trees. Nobel Peace Prize 2003 (first African woman to win).

43. Part D - Loss of wetlands Wetland = land that is underwater part of the year (e.g. swamp, marsh)….loss in U.S. is 50%

44. Bald Cypress

45. ← Before December, 2005 Tsunami After ↓ Banda Aceh Shore, Indonesia Indian Ocean

46. ← Before December, 2005 Tsunami After ↓ Banda Aceh, Indonesia • Mangroves reduced force • Held soil better • Provided something to grab Indian Ocean

47. New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

48. Along the Ohio River in downtown Louisville (1999)

50. How do plants affect our climate? • Earth’s temperatures are influenced by plants • due to absorption of solar radiation (photosynthesis). 2) Plants increase humidity by absorbing water that is way below ground level and releasing it (by transpiration) to the atmosphere. 3) Plants reduce flooding and desertification (erosion). • Plants influence the microclimate • (climate of small area)