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Environmental Objectives in Transport Planning

Environmental Objectives in Transport Planning. by Karsten Krause. 14 October 200 4. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces

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Environmental Objectives in Transport Planning

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  1. Environmental Objectives in Transport Planning by Karsten Krause 14October 2004

  2. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution Conclusions Outline www.t-e.nu

  3. About T&E Members in: • Austria • Belgium • Czech & Slovak Rep • Denmark • Estonia • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Italy • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • UK www.t-e.nu

  4. About T&E Spanish Members: Asociatión para a Defensa Ecolóxica de Galiza (ADEGA)  Ecologistas en accion  P.T.P. - Associao per la promocio del transport public www.t-e.nu

  5. T&E Priorities • ‘True’ Prices • Climate Change and Energy Use • Aviation • Shipping • Health and Quality of Life • European Investment in Transport www.t-e.nu

  6. Key Messages... 1.) Traffic Prevention 2.) Modal Shift 3.) Optimisation  Getting the Prices Right www.t-e.nu

  7. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators, Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution Conclusions Outline www.t-e.nu

  8. www.t-e.nu

  9. Transport Problems Economic Problems • Congestion • Fuel Supply Environmental Problems • Atmospheric Pollution • Land Fragmentation Social Problems • Safety Risks • Health Impact www.t-e.nu

  10. A Sustainable Transport System... • ...allows basic access and development needs of individuals, companies and societies to be met safely and in a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and promises equity within and between successive generations • ...is affordable, operates fairly and efficiently, offers choice of transport mode, and supports a competitive economy, as well as balanced regional development • ...limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to absorb them, uses renewable resources at or below their rates of generation, and, uses non-renewable resources at or below the rates of development of renewable substitutes while minimising the impact on land and the generation of noise (Council of the EU 2001.) www.t-e.nu

  11. Environmental Indicators & Objectives www.t-e.nu

  12. Environmental Indicators & Objectives Indicator • Def.: A numerical measure of quality, representing data that have been collected. • Best known indicator: Human Body Temperature • Direct Environmental Indicators: CO2 Emission / GDP Unit Biodiversity / Square Kilometre • Indirect Environmental Indicators: Cars / Inhabitants Population Density www.t-e.nu

  13. Environmental Indicators & Objectives Benchmark • Def.: A measurement or standard that serves as a point of reference by which process performance is measured. • Best known benchmark: 37 °C • Benchmarks: Per Capita Comparison Historic Comparison EURO Emission Standards € Convergence Criteria www.t-e.nu

  14. Environmental Indicators & Objectives Objective • Def.: A goal intended to be attained and which is believed to be attainable. Could be qualitative or quantitative. • Best known objectives: reduce fever / stay healthy • Environmental Objectives: EU Air Quality Standards UNFCCC / Kyoto Commitments www.t-e.nu

  15. TERM Indicators TERM • Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism • European Environment Agency / European Commission • Indicator-based reporting • Initiated in early 1998. • Output: reports through which the effectiveness of transport and environment integration strategies are monitored. www.t-e.nu

  16. TERM Indicators Groups • Environmental consequences of transport • Transport demand and intensity • Spatial planning and accessibility • Supply of transport infrastructure and services • Transport costs and prices • Technology and utilisation efficiency • Management integration www.t-e.nu

  17. How is the EU doing? ZEROindicators show sufficient improvement European Environment Agency: 27 indicators on sustainable development: 6 indicators lack sufficient data 8indicators have not shown progress 13indicators have becomeworse ! www.t-e.nu

  18. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Atmospheric Pollutants from Road Transport Conclusions Outline www.t-e.nu

  19. Transport Market Movement Market • Activities in the Society • Spatial Structure Transport Market • Movement Patterns • Transport Means & Services Traffic Market • Transport Streams • Infrastructure www.t-e.nu

  20. Outline www.t-e.nu

  21. Outline www.t-e.nu

  22. Transport Market Outcomes www.t-e.nu

  23. Outline www.t-e.nu

  24. Outline www.t-e.nu

  25. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution Conclusions Outline www.t-e.nu

  26. Environmental Objectives Planning Process • Cost-/Benefit Analysis • Strategic Environmental Assessemt (SEA) Environmental Minimum Standards • Respecting Existing Environmental Legislation • Positive Contribution to Policy EU / National Commitments Environmental Objectives • Reducing Transport Demand • Modal Shift • Reducing Environmental Impact www.t-e.nu

  27. TERM Indicators Groups • Environmental consequences of transport • Transport demand and intensity • Spatial planning and accessibility • Supply of transport infrastructure and services • Transport costs and prices • Technology and utilisation efficiency • Management integration www.t-e.nu

  28. TERM01: Environmental consequences of transport • T01 Transport final energy consumption by mode • T02 Transport emissions of greenhouse gases by mode • T03 Transport emissions of air pollutants by mode • T04 Exceedance of air quality objectives (due to traffic) • T05 Exposure to and annoyance by traffic noise • T06 Fragmentation of ecosystems and habitats • T07 Proximity of infrastructure to designated areas • T08 Land take by transport infrastructure • T09 Number of transport accidents, fatalities and injured • T10 Accidental oil spills, illegal discharges from marine shipping • T11 Generation of waste www.t-e.nu

  29. TERM02: Transport demand and intensity • T12 Passenger transport demand by mode and purpose • T13 Freight transport demand by mode and group of goods www.t-e.nu

  30. TERM03: Spatial planning and accessibility • T14 Access to basic services (average passenger journey time and length per mode, • T15 Regional accessibility of markets and cohesion • T16 Access to transport services www.t-e.nu

  31. TERM04: Supply of transport infrastructure and services • T18 Capacity of transport infrastructure networks • T19 Investments in transport infrastructure (per capita and by mode) www.t-e.nu

  32. TERM05: Transport costs and prices • T20 Transport prices (real change in passenger and freight transport price by mode) • T21 Fuel prices and taxes • T22 Transport taxes and charges • T23 Subsidies • T24 Expenditure on personal mobility by income group • T25 External costs of transport • T26 Internalisation of external costs www.t-e.nu

  33. TERM06: Technology and utilisation efficiency • T27 Overall energy efficiency and specific CO2 emissions (per passenger-km and per tonne-km and by mode) • T28 Emissions per passenger-km and per tonne-km (NOx ,NMVOCs,PM 10 ,SOx by mode) • T29 Occupancy rates of passenger vehicles • T30 Load factors for freight transport • T31 Uptake of cleaner and alternative fuels • T32 Size and composition of the vehicle fleet • T33 Average age of the vehicle fleet • T34 Proportion of vehicle fleet meeting certain emission standards (by mode) www.t-e.nu

  34. TERM07: Management Integration • T35 Number of Member States that implement an integrated strategy • T36 Institutional cooperation in transport and environment • T37 Number of Member States with a national transport and environment monitoring system • T38 Uptake of strategic environmental assessment in the transport sector • T40 Public awareness and behaviour www.t-e.nu

  35. Strategic Environment Assessment www.t-e.nu

  36. Strategic Environment Assessment (1/2) • SEA, a holistic approach that considers the projected environmental impacts over time of multiple actions within a region or ecosystem. • SEA provides decision-makers with information, strategies and actual andprojected information on environmental effects. • SEAenable policymakers to anticipate effects onspecies, habitats and ecological processes that site-specific studiesdo not capture. www.t-e.nu

  37. Strategic Environment Assessment (2/2) • SEA assessment elements: Habitat mapping Risk analysis Sensitivity mapping Cost- /Benefit Ratios www.t-e.nu

  38. Air Quality in London www.t-e.nu

  39. Road Transport Road Transport Air Quality in London www.t-e.nu

  40. Air Quality and Road Transport Options to achieve better air quality • Restrict access to sensitive areas • Price incentives • Stricter emission standards www.t-e.nu

  41. Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution Conclusions Outline www.t-e.nu

  42. Conclusions • Sustainability Perspective on the Transport Plan • Integration of Stakeholders • True Prices for all Transport Users www.t-e.nu

  43. Thank you

  44. Further Information www.eea.eu.int www.summa-eu.org www.t-e.nu

  45. www.t-e.nu T&E is Europe’s primary NGO campaigning on a Europe wide level for an environmentally responsible approach to transport. info@t-e.nu Boulevard de Waterloo, 34 | 1000 Brussels Tel.: +32(0)2-502 99 09 | Fax: +32(0)2-502 99 08 | www.t-e.nu

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