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Defense mechanisms

Defense mechanisms. Camouflage cryptic coloration. whipporwill. frog. lizard. toad. lizard. Mimicry. Convergent evolution. Batesian mimicry. palatable or harmless species mimics a harmful model. green parrot snake. Hawkmoth larva puffs up to look like poisonous snake. hawkmoth larvae.

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Defense mechanisms

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  1. Defense mechanisms • Camouflage • cryptic coloration whipporwill frog lizard toad lizard

  2. Mimicry Convergent evolution Batesian mimicry palatable or harmless species mimics a harmful model green parrot snake Hawkmoth larva puffs up to look like poisonous snake hawkmoth larvae

  3. Batesian mimicry Convergent evolution Monarch male poisonous Viceroy male edible Which is the moth vs. the bee? Which is the fly vs. the bee? fly bee moth bee

  4. Mullerian mimicry Mullerian mimicry two or more protected species look like each other cuckoo bee yellow jacket - group defense? - predators may evolve innate avoidance

  5. Common warning coloration • Aposematic species come to resemble each other black, red, orange & yellowmeans:DON’T EAT ME!

  6. What kind of mimicry? Coral snake is poisonous King snake is not Red on yellow, poison fellow; red on black, safe from attack

  7. Coevolution in Community • Predator-prey relationships • Parasite-host relationships • Flowers & pollinators Long term evolutionary adjustments between species

  8. Characterizing a community • Community structure • species diversity • how many different species • composition • dominant species • most abundant species or highest biomass(total weight) • keystone species • changes over time • succession

  9. Species diversity greater diversity = greater stability • Greater biodiversity offers: • more food resources • more habitats • more resilience in face of environmental change

  10. suburban lawn “old field” agricultural“monoculture” The impact of reduced biodiversity compare these communities • Irish potato famine • 1970 US corn crop failure

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