The issue of slavery

1. Causes of the Civil WarThink- What factors unite this country? What factors divide this country? (examples) Could any of these factors split the nation? political, social(people), cultural(lifestyles), economic ($ differences), religion Students will understand the series of events during the 1850’s that lead to a deterioration between the North and the South which lead the South to secede (break away) and start it’s own country Goal Questions 1) Analyze the key viewpoint that the both the North and South had towards slavery (beyond N against, S for) 2-5)Identify and explain 5 factors that caused the country to divided into the Civil War

2. The issue of slavery • South- wants to preserve slavery • States Rights- slavery should be decided by each state • Political power- need to create new slave states to retain power in Senate • North • Abolitionism- some in the North want to ban slavery • William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” 1st anti-slavery newspaper • ?How does this create an anti-slavery movement • Expansion in the west- majority of Northerners want to keep slavery out of land acquired from Mexico in the west and keep slavery where it already is • Why would Northerners only want to limit slavery rather than outright ban slavery?

3. Compromise of 1850- South wants more slave states in West to preserve political power, North wants to stop spread of slavery • California- wants statehood • Gold Rush (1849)- thousands move to CA • ?Should Ca. be a slave or free state? • Compromise of 1850 • CA. enters as a free state • Slave Trade in DC ended • New Mexico and Utah Territory open to slavery • Fugitive Slave Law- N. forced to return run away slaves • Why would the N. be so upset over the FSL? • ?Who was the big winner w. Comp. of 1850? N or S?

4. Kansas-Nebraska Act- extends slavery into an area it was once banned (in Louisiana Territory) • Senator Stephan Douglass- wants a Transcontinental RR to end in Ill. • Douglass needs S. support • What can Douglass offer the S. as a compromise? (In regards to slavery) • Missouri Compromise Repealed (May 1854) slavery is now allowed N. of 36*30* • Upsets Northernersas slavery is now extended into North • ?What are Northerners most against about slavery? • Two Territories Created • Nebraska- closed to slavery • Kansas-Popular Sovereignty- people of the territory will vote on slavery • *S. felt it would get a new state

5. Republican Party- founded as an anti-slavery party after Repeal of Missouri Compromise (expansion of slavery into N.) • Republican Party- beliefs • Free-Labor (liberty to chose job) slavery hurt regular workers • Morally Opposed to Slavery- 2nd GA (How many slaves would Jesus own?) • Planter Power- rich, southern minority had too much power • How is the R. party different today?

6. Bleeding Kansas- mini-civil war breaks out in Kansas between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery forces • Fear- if KA. Becomes a slave state, so will the rest of the west • Popular Sovereignty- citizens of KA. Vote on slavery • Settlement of Kansas- both N and S. have people move to KA. Just to vote • ?Which side has the advantage in bringing voters into Ka? • Election on Slavery- election is corrupted by S. who have citizens from Missouri cross border to vote (early and often) • Pro-slavery majority wins election • Bleeding Kansas- both N and S settlers in Ka. Start killing each other • John Brown- anti-slavery, dismembers people • Do you feel John Brown is in the right morally?

7. Dred Scott Decision- Supreme Court declares slaves property (legalizes slavery everywhere in US) • Sues for Freedom- felt living in a free state with his master made him a free citizen • Does living in a free state make a slave free? Explain • Justice Taney Opinion • Slaves are not citizens • Implies Af./Ams. are not American and have no place in US except as slaves • Mo. Compromise was unconstitutional- federal government has no right ban slavery in territories • All states open to slavery • Why would the North be furious over this decision?

8. Harper’s Ferry-failed slave revolt started by a white person (John Brown) • John Brown- wanted to arm slaves • Harper’s Ferry, VA. (Armory)- idea steal weapons and give to slaves • Failed- rained, poorly planned, slaves don’t trust whites • What would have been the result if the uprising was successful? What is the South’s newest fear? • Reaction • Republicans- deny having anything to do with Brown • South- blame Rep. for Brown, says if a Rep. becomes President, S. will secede • Is the South right to think this way or be so scared of a Rep. President and their future in the US?

9. Election of 1860- four candidates run for President, Lincoln/Rep. wins by only winning in the North • What is the South’s view of their future and place/power in US based on the result’s of this election? • Federal Aid to Border States (slave states that don’t need slavery) • New Free States • More “John Browns” • *secession- seen as only way to protect slavery and their way of life • Confederate States of America • South Carolina- 1st to seceede (Dec. 1861) • Deep South (GA, AL, MS, LA, FL, TX)- seceede Jan. 1861 • Upper South (VA, NC, TN, ARK) and Border States (MO, KY, Maryl, Del)- waiting for a compromise • Why does Lincoln not stop Confederates?