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By : SURONO CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR

MITIGATION POLICY OF GEOLOGICAL AGENCY IN DEALING WITH VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN INDONESIA A CASE STUDY OF 2010’s MERAPI ERUPTION. Oleh : Dr. Surono. IAVCEI S cientific Assembly-Forecasting Volcanic Activity Kagoshima , 2 0 - 24 July 2013. By : SURONO CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR.

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By : SURONO CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR

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  1. MITIGATION POLICY OF GEOLOGICAL AGENCY IN DEALING WITH VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN INDONESIA A CASE STUDY OF 2010’s MERAPI ERUPTION Oleh: Dr. Surono IAVCEI Scientific Assembly-Forecasting Volcanic Activity Kagoshima, 20-24 July 2013 By: SURONO CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY And GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION GEOLOGICAL AGENCY MINISTRY Of ENERGY And MINERAL RESOURCES

  2. OUTLINE • I. Introduction • II. Mitigation Policy • III. The 2010 Merapi Eruption • IV. Conclusion

  3. Introduction Tectonic Setting: Indonesia is located in collission between 3 major active plates (Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific plates) South China Sea Pacific Ocean Eurasia Pasifik Indian Ocean Indo-Australia 6.5 cm/yr Positive Impact: Hydrocarbon Basin Mineralization Belt Geothermal Belt Fertile Lands Negative Impact: Potential Geological Hazards: Earthquakes/Tsunami Volcanic eruption Landslide

  4. Active Volcanoes Distribution in Indonesia Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes, including A-type, B-type, and C-type. Type-A means volcano which is recorded to have experienced magmatic eruption at least one time after 1600. B and C-type are less active. Until July 2013, there are 5 volcanoes in level III (A-type), and 17 in level II (A-type). Pyroclastic flow and destructive lahars pose the very high threat to life, property, the environment, in area more than few km from the mountains’s slope.

  5. Indonesia has greatest population living and conducting activity at volcanic hazard zone Volcanic hazard areas in Indonesia typically have fertile land, an abundant amount of water, and beautiful scenery. Consequently, people are attracted to live and conduct activities in volcanic hazard areas.

  6. Eruption in 2007-2011 with large evacuations Merapi eruption, October-November 2010, about 1 million refugees due to eruption, but about 400,000 were taken care by the government with 367 casualties. Kelud eruption, November 2007, about 15,000 refugees evacuated. (No casualties). Lokon eruption, 14 July 2011, there were about 6,000 peoples evacuated (No casualties). Sinabung eruption, August 2010, about 30,000 refugees.(No casualties)

  7. VOLCANIC HAZARD IMPACTS: • Pyroclastic flow >600oC • Dangerous for lives • Forest fire • Volcanic Ash fall • Irritation • Respiration • Flight disaster • Environmental degradation • Lahar • Infrastructures damaged • Dangerous for people living close to rivers and valleys Pyroclastic Flows Lava Dome Collapse Ash Falls Lahar

  8. Main Task and Function of CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR • To conduct research, investigate and service of volcanology and geological hazard mitigation (volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, landslide). • To issue an early warning for volcanic activities and landslide. • To disseminate geological hazard knowledge to local government and communities who live in the geological hazard zone. • To produce the geological hazard map for spatial planning, geological hazard mitigation & education. • To give technical recommendation to the Local Government to do geological hazard mitigation efforts. • To evaluate research, investigate and service of volcanology and geological hazard mitigation.

  9. Aims of Geological Hazard Mitigation: To minimize/reduce fatalities and socio-economics impact caused by volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, and landslide

  10. II. Mitigation Policy in Dealing With The 2010 Eruption of Merapi • After 2004 Tsunami in Aceh, the Indonesian government made two important laws, • UU no. 24 Tahun 2007 on ”Disaster Management” • UU no. 26 Tahun 2007 on ”Spatial Planning” • Based on these laws, disaster management paradigm is changed, now the disaster management in Indonesia are focused on risk reduction in pre-disaster phase. • QUICK RESPONSE TEAM • MONITORING • EARLY WARNING • VOLCANIC HAZARD MAPPING • SOCIALIZATION/ DISSEMINATION • OBSERVATION/ • RESEARCH

  11. EARLY WARNING :Volcanic Activity Alert Level Normal (level I) Volcanic activity stay in normal condition without any difference from its background levels. Waspada (level II) Volcanic activity begin to increase and have pass over its background levels. Siaga (level III) Volcanic activity have shown its precursor before eruption. Awas (level IV) Started with volcanic ash eruption, and then approaching the main eruption.

  12. Early Warning System for Volcanic Eruption Alert Level IV AWAS Volcano Alert Level and Action of people living nearby the volcano Indications of eruption Alert Level III SIAGA Evacuation for KRB II&III Alert Level II WASPADA Prediction of volcanic activity increasing until the eruption Alert Level I NORMAL No Activity in KRB II, III Increase in volcanic activity Limited Activity in KRB II, III No Indication Volcanic Hazard Zone (KRB)

  13. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION FOR INCREASING OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY VOLCANO OBSERVATORY POST THE NEAREST AIRPORT & STAKEHOLDERS CHIEVE OF SECTION CHIEVE OF DIVISION REGENCY (SATLAK) COMMUNITY AROUND THE VOLCANO CVGHM GOVERNOR (SATKORLAK) GA BAKORNAS PB EXPLANATION : S-H. AIRPORT MET. OFFICE DIRECT OF AVIATION SAFETY LEVEL I (NORMAL) LEVEL II/III (ACTIVE ALERT AND AANTICIPATION)

  14. Objective : determine the character and nature of volcano’s eruption (volcano’s geological properties) and determine the precursor of a volcano eruption Method : geophysical, geochemistry, and also geological mapping (volcanic deposit analysis and sampling, volcano stratigraphy) Expectation of some research result is a better understanding of the volcanic eruption process and the volcanichazardzone map. VOLCANIC RESEARCH

  15. PROVIDING VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP

  16. SOCIALIZATION The purpose of socialization is to increase knowledge and awareness of the people living around the prone area to the volcanic eruption. Coordination with the local governments and related agencies is carried out to improve the effectiveness of the volcanic hazard mitigation Direct Socialization Exhibition Contingency Planning Leaflet dan Booklet

  17. VOLCANIC MONITORING Objective : to observe, record, and analyze the active volcano condition Method : seismic, crater observation, geochemistry and deformation measurement

  18. Volcano Monitoring Integrated methods : seismology, geodesy, geophysics, geochemical, remote sensing, etc. Volcano Observatory

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