The Civil War Begins

1. The Civil War Begins B5 Kaden Hardcastle

2. Battle of AntietamWhere was it? • The battle took place in Sharpsburg Maryland. • This is why it is also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg. • During the Battle some Union soldiers crossed the Antietam Creek trying to attack the side of the oppponent.

3. Battle of AntietamWho was Involved? • George B. McClellan was the major general of the Union army. • He was born on December 3, 1826. • He is known for forming the Army of the Potomac. • The soldiers under his command liked having him as a general. • Lincoln and McClellan “did not see eye to eye” • He was also nicknamed “Young Napoleon.”

4. Battle of AntietamWho was Involved • Robert E. Lee was the general of the Confederate army during this battle. • He was born on January 19, 1807. • His father was “Light-Horse Henry,” who was a military legend. • People expected him to follow his father’s footsteps and become an amazing war general. • He joined the States Military Academy. It would be a long time until he went into battle.

5. Battle of AntietamWhat Occurred During the Battle? • The battle took place from September 16-18, 1862. • The Union had twice the amount of soldiers than the opponents in this battle. (87,000 to 45,000) • After the Second battle of Bull Run, the Confederate army had made it into Union territory for the first time. • The battle started with the Union attacking the Confederates first. The two sides pushed back and forth throughout the day, until The Union was able to pierce through the Confederate line, weakening them. • The Union’s final blow was sent when they had their soldiers run over the bridge across the Antietam creek. However some reinforcements arrived and pushed back the Union army. The Confederate Army retreated, and the Union let them go.

6. Battle of AntietamWhat Occurred During the Battle? (cont.) • This battle can be viewed as a draw, as neither army was completely defeated. • However, President Lincoln and the Union considered this battle as a win, because they were able to push away the Confederate army.

7. Battle of AntietamWhat was the Impact of the Battle? • Lincoln used this “victory” to introduce the Emancipation Proclamation. • The Union had a total of 12,401 casualties. • The Confederacy had a total of 10,316 casualties. • This was considered one of the bloodiest days in history. Dirt roads were turning to mud from the amount of blood spilled. • About 3,600 soldiers were killed and 19,000 wounded, all in one day. That’s a total of 22,600 casualties. • This battle showed how harsh and terrible war was.

8. Antietam Review • 1. What town did the battle take place by? • Sharpsburg • 2. Who was one of the generals and which side was he on? • Robert E. Lee (C) – George B. McClellan (U) • 3. Which side claimed victory of this battle? • Union • 4.What did Lincoln deliver after this battle? • Emancipation Proclamation

9. The battle took place by Pittsburg Landing, which is by the Tennessee River (In Hardin County). This is why it is also referred to as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing. A portion of the battle was fought near a Shiloh Church. Battle of ShilohWhere was it?

10. Don Carlos Buell was the Major General for the Union He was born on March, 23 1818. Ulysses S. Grant was the General-In-Chief for the Union. He was born on April 27, 1822. Battle of ShilohWho was involved?

11. Albert Sidney Johnston was the general of the confederate army. He was born February 2, 1803. P.G.T. Beauregard was also a general of the confederate army. He was born on May 28, 1818. Battle of ShilohWho was Involved?

12. Battle of ShilohWhat occurred? • This battle took place from April 6-7, 1862. • The Union had 65,085 soldiers, while the Confederacy had 44,968. • The battle started when the Confederate soldiers surprised the Union at Pittsburg Landing in the morning while they were just waking up, having breakfast and starting their day. • The Union retreated to a sunken road called the “Hornet’s Nest.”Here they held their ground in a defensive position. The two sides fought here throughout the day until night. • General Johnston was killed and replaced by Beauregard during this time.

13. Battle of Shiloh What occurred? (cont.) • During the next morning general Buell brought in his forces to help support Grant. • With the Union’s combined forces attacked the Confederacy, pressuring them to retreat.

14. Battle of ShilohWhat was the Impact? • The Union had a total of 13,047 casualties. • The Confederacy had a total of 10,669 casualties. • This battle had a total of 23,746 casualties even though it lasted barely 2 days. • This was considered the bloodiest battle in history during this time. • The Union won this battle through the Confederacy backing out and retreating. • Ulysses S. Grant said there were so many dead bodies that you could walk across a huge cottonfield without your feet ever touching the ground.

15. Shiloh Review • 1. Where Did the Confederacy surprise attack the Union? • Pittsburg Landing • 2. Which General died during this battle? • Albert Sidney Johnston • 3. What was the place called where the Union held their ground after the Confederacy surprise attack? • Hornet’s Nest • 4. Which side lost more men during this battle? • Union

16. Northern Strategies • The main strategy or goal was to beat the Confederacy into submission. • The second strategy was for the Union to keep the border states on the Union’s side. This included Maryland, Deleware, Kentucky, Missouri. This goal was essential for the Union • These states had 2/3 of the South’s white population. • 3/4 of the South’s industrial production. • More than half of the South’s food and fuel. • These states also gave them access to the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. • Throughout the war each of the states remained loyal, however in there were several people who wanted others to join the Confederacy.

17. Northern Strategy (cont.) • Their 3rd strategy was to have a naval blockade around the Confederate coastline. • They did not want any of Europe (Great Britain, France etc.) to help the Confederacy.

18. Southern Strategy • The Confederate goals were more simple, because they did not have to capture any of the north to win. • Their main goal was to simply Defend the confederate soil. They also hoped to keep their army from being destroyed. • Breaking the Union’s will to fight them was also their hope of winning. They wanted the Union to give up after a large battle, of which they endured.