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Auto Fuel Policy – Way Forward

Auto Fuel Policy – Way Forward. Workshop on Auto Fuel policy. Dr. R. K. Malhotra General Manager IOC, R&D Centre - Faridabad. 20 th Nov, 2006. CHRONOLOGY OF FUEL SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA. Standards first published in 1959 for HSD

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Auto Fuel Policy – Way Forward

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  1. Auto Fuel Policy – Way Forward Workshop on Auto Fuel policy Dr. R. K. Malhotra General Manager IOC, R&D Centre - Faridabad 20th Nov, 2006

  2. CHRONOLOGY OF FUEL SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA • Standards first published in 1959 for HSD • Major revision in 1995 to meet tighter emission norms • Apex court intervention for NCT/NCR in 1998 onwards • Next revision of standards in 2000 again to meet tighter emission norms • Amendments during the year 2002,2003 and 2005 Recent trend - Fuel Quality driven by the engine technology for meeting emission norms

  3. CHRONOLOGY OF EMISSION CONTROL IN INDIA • 1990/91 IDLE CO LIMITS FOR PETROL VEHICLES AND FREE ACCELERATION SMOKE FOR DIESEL VEHICLES. LIBERAL MASS EMISSION LIMITS NOTIFIED • 1995/96 COMMITTEE HEADED BY PROF. MATHUR RECOMMENDED STRINGENT NORMS FOR YEAR 1995 AND 2000. DIRECTIVE FOR CATALYTIC CONVERTER DILUTED EMISSION NORMS ISSUED MET THROUGH MINOR ENGINE MODIFICATIONS • 1998SUPREME COURT ISSUED SEVERAL DIRECTIVES FOR NCP/NCR • 2000STRICTER EMISSION NORMS IMPLEMENTED ALONG WITH REVISED FUEL SPECS. • 2001 BHURE LAL COMMITTEE SUBMITS REPORT ON CLEAN FUELS Contd:

  4. FUEL QUALITY RELATED DECISIONS BY COURTS AND GOVERNMENT OF INDIA • EPCA headed by Sh. Bhure Lal submitted report on Clean Fuels to the Hon’ble Supreme Court. • As per orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court • All buses in Delhi to be converted to CNG mode. • Autos allowed option of CNG and Petrol. • Taxis complying to Bharat Stage II allowed with CNG / Petrol / Diesel. • LPG allowed by Government as an automotive fuel. • MoP&NG introduced 5% ethanol blending in gasoline. Expert Committee Appointed to recommend Auto Fuel Policy for the country.

  5. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE EXPERT COMMITTEE • Recommendation of an Auto Fuel Policy and to devise a road map for its implementation in the country • To recommend suitable auto fuels for the country and their specifications considering their: • Availability and logistics • Economics & possibilities of multi-fuel use in different categories • Recommend automobile technology for ensuring minimization of the social cost of meeting the norms. • To recommend fiscal measures including; • Removing pricing distortions • fiscal interventions & Use of market based instruments etc. • To recommend institutional mechanisms and enforcement measures.

  6. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED The Expert Committee used the following methods for collection of data and evidence: • Reviewed actions taken for emissions control and fuel quality improvement • Review of existing studies and reports, to understand the nature of issues. • Account of the on-going work on ethanol blending in petrol • Methodology followed by EU for ‘Auto Oil Programme’ I&II. • Presentations and comments by various stake holders

  7. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED • The Expert Committee commissioned CRRI, New Delhi, ITRC, Lucknow, NEERI, Nagpur, IIP, Dehradun and the NIPFP, New Delhi to carry out the following studies: • Urban road traffic and air pollution in major cities. • Ambient air quality and source apportionment of Pm1o at Kanpur city. • An appraisal of health impact w.r.t vehicular emissions. • Incentive system for replacing old vehicles • New suggested structure of vehicle road tax

  8. OBSERVATIONS OF EXPERT COMMITTEE • Little work done in the country on Air Pollution Source inventory and Apportionment and therefore Studies should be undertaken on an urgent basis • Data in regard to proportion of vehicular emissions related morbidity & its Impact on health are insufficient • National fuel Policy should be directed towards ensuring sufficient, reliable and economics fuel supplies • Petrol and Diesel are major auto fuels and they should be of the right quality • Both conventional and alternative auto fuels have their inherent advantages • In-use vehicles are not properly maintained and mechanism to check the working of Emission control devices is weak • The quality of conversion kits used in case of CNG & LPG are crucial for emission control

  9. RECOMMENDATIONS OF EXPERT COMMITTEE • Create or Augment Infrastructure/ Facilities for Air Quality Monitoring and Source Apportionment for the Entire Country • Data base linking air pollution / vehicular emissions related diseases should be created • Declaration of fuel economy standards should be made mandatory • Liquid Fuels to continue as main fuels & Alternative Auto Fuels CNG/LPG may be promoted in select polluted cities • R&D work on hydrogen and biofuels should be encouraged • Duty and Tax concessions may be given to the Oil and Auto industry

  10. RECOMMENDATIONS OF EXPERT COMMITTEE • Road map for reducing pollution from in-use vehicles should include : • Efficient PUC and Inspection and Maintenance System (I&M) • Promote Public Bus Transport System. • Anti Adulteration Measures like : • Correction of price distortions by removal of subsidies and cross subsidies. • Setting up mechanism for independent inspection of retail outlets. • Penalties for vehicles in which emission control devices fitted as OEM have been removed or tempered with. • Institutional Mechanism, proposed by National Automobile Pollution and Fuel Authority (NAPFA) for following : • Accreditation of inspection and certification centers for in-use vehicles. • Conducting surveillance programmes & Ensuring emission warranty compliance.

  11. ROADMAP SUGGESTED BY AUTO FUEL POLICY ENTIRE COUNTRY BHARAT STAGE-II 1ST APRIL 2005 EURO-III 1ST APRIL 2010 EQUIVALENT METROS & MAJOR CITIES (BANGALORE, HYDERABAD, AHMEDABAD, PUNE, SURAT, KANPUT AND AGRA) BHARAT STAGE-II Already Introduced in metro cities and other major cities as on 1st April 2003 EURO-III 1st April 2005 EQUIVALENT EURO-IV 1st April 2010 EQUIVALENT ENTIRE COUNTRY BHARAT STAGE-II 1st April 2005 EURO-III Preferably from 1st April 2008 but not later than 1st April 2010 EQUIVALENT

  12. RECOMMENDATIONS NOT ACCEPTED BY THE GOVERNMENT • Fiscal incentives to Auto industry and Oil industry • Setting up of NAPFA

  13. RECOMMENDATIONS IMPLEMENTED • Oil Industry initiated air quality monitoring studies in select cities of the country • Auto Industry improved engine technology and implemented stricter emission norms as per roadmap • Oil Industry upgraded the fuel quality in line with the roadmap and initiated anti-adulteration measures

  14. WAY FORWARD TO COVER THE GAP AREAS • Systematic Air quality data for the entire country need to be generated • All stakeholders should actively participate • Government should consider further financial support for developing infrastructure & expertise in the country • Air pollution related health studies should be initiated by concerned Government agencies • R&D needs to be directed towards well designed multi-centric epidemiological studies based on reliable parameters for exposure • Core group of experts from ICMR, CPCB, CSIR and MoEF should monitor and steer the R&D studies

  15. WAY FORWARD TO COVER THE GAP AREAS • In view of global warming issues, focus on GHG reduction technologies • Fuel economy declaration by OEMs should be mandatory • Promotion of CNG to be reviewed in view of its global warming potential vis-à-vis clean efficient diesel engine technologies • Promotion of Alternative fuels for environment protection • CNG / LPG kits should be certified and checked periodically • Development of renewable fuels be promoted

  16. WAY FORWARD TO COVER THE GAP AREAS • Reduction of pollution from in-use vehicles • Existing PUC system be replaced and upgraded to a more reliable computerized system • Introduce elaborate I&M system throughout the country • Identify polluting vehicles and take them off the road • Check catalytic converters and conversion kits already installed in vehicles • Promote efficient and reliable public transport system • Illegal conversion to gaseous fuels should be penalized heavily • Agencies authorized to carry out conversions should be regularly inspected • Provide penalties against vehicles in which emission control devices have been removed or tampered with

  17. WAY FORWARD TO COVER THE GAP AREAS • Fiscal Incentives for clean and efficient technologies • Duty concessions for upgrading the refineries for fuel quality improvements • Duty concessions to industry for clean and efficient technologies • Lower duties and taxes on clean fuels • Implementation of stringent fuel anti-adulteration measures • Schemes for replacement of old vehicles & emission warranty for new vehicles • Traffic Management and construction by bypasses • Retrofittment of Emission Control Devices in in-use vehicles be examined

  18. WAY FORWARD TO COVER THE GAP AREAS • Retrofittment / replacement of new engines in place of old engines for in-use vehicles • Emission Warranty be given by vehicle manufacturers and recall system be introduced • Regulatory authority to oversee implementation of various recommendations related to fuel quality and emission control • Plan for least cost maximum benefit approach for air quality improvement

  19. REVIEW FOR FUTURE DIRECTION • Review the policies for future on the basis of data collected during systematic studies • Review should include : • Status of air quality in Indian cities and assessment of the sources of pollution • Study of the impact of introduction of Euro II across the country and Euro III technology in major cities and corresponding fuel quality • Decide on implementation of Euro III all over the country and Euro IV in major cities • In view of advanced diesel vehicle technology and higher efficiency of diesel engines the issue of use of clean diesel along with CNG should be revisited

  20. NEED TO THINK BEYOND FUEL QUALITY AND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

  21. Thank You

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