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The Empires of Persia

The Empires of Persia. Persia. Lies between Mesopotamia and central Asia. Subject to various invasions and migrations from the east People were Indo-European Had strong military emphasis and tradition 600 BCE Began conquests throughout the regions that led to 1000 year empire.

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The Empires of Persia

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  1. The Empires of Persia

  2. Persia • Lies between Mesopotamia and central Asia. • Subject to various invasions and migrations from the east • People were Indo-European • Had strong military emphasis and tradition • 600 BCE • Began conquests throughout the regions that led to 1000 year empire.

  3. The Achaemenid Empire • Cyrus – Achaemenid leader ruler who conquered a vast region between India and Egypt by 530 BCE • Killed in battle… His son (Cambyses) gained Egypt.

  4. Darius • Kinsmen of Cyrus • Extended empire into Northwest India and western shore of the black sea

  5. Darius’ Administration • Built new capital at Persepolis • Sophisticated bureaucratic system • Set up local and central governments • Satrapies – Provinces within Persia • Had standardized taxes and coinage • Developed sophisticated road network allowing for enhanced trade and communication • Persian Royal Road – stretched 1600 miles from the Aegean Sea to Iran.

  6. Fall of the Achaenamid Empire • Darius’ successor was Xerxes (300) • Xerxes not tolerant of other traditions in ruled areas • Xerxes’ policies led to rebellion • Persian Wars (300) – Long period of warfare with Greek city-states, resulted in defeat. • 334 BCE – Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Peria and defeated the Persians • Persia divided into three regions as a result and given to Alexander’s generals.

  7. Fall of the Empire • Arabs eventually overcame Persia and Alexander’s generals. • 651 C.E. • Persian government traditions trickled over into Arab culture

  8. Persian Society • High Priests and Priestesses • Bureaucrats (Tax Collectors and record keepers) • Translators • Free Classes (Craftsmen, artisans, merchants, civil servants, low priests and priestesses, peasants, land cultivators) • Slaves (Prisoners of war, debtors)

  9. Persian Economy • Agriculture good despite arid climate: • Cereal grains, fruits, and vegetables • Trade great because of location between eastern and western Asia • Long distance trade

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