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Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia

Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia. Cyrus (r. 558-530 BCE). Four Major Dynasties: Achaemenids (558-330 BCE) Seleucids (323-283 BCE) Parthians (247BCE-224 CE) Sasanids (224-651CE). Alexander the Great (r. 334 – 323 BCE). Darius (r. 521-486 BCE).

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Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia

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  1. Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia Cyrus (r. 558-530 BCE) Four Major Dynasties: Achaemenids (558-330 BCE) Seleucids (323-283 BCE) Parthians (247BCE-224 CE) Sasanids (224-651CE) Alexander the Great (r. 334 – 323 BCE) Darius (r. 521-486 BCE)

  2. The Achaemenid (558-330 BCE) and Seleucid Empires (323-283 BCE)

  3. The Parthian (247BCE-224 CE) and Sasanid Empires (224-651CE)

  4. Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 2

  5. Theme 1 Zorastrianism - rituals, good vs. evil, Zarathustra, Ahura Mazda versus Angra Mainyu judgment day where your "good words, good thoughts, good deeds" are assessed. material world = OK (later influenced Christianity, Judaism, Islam): 1. omnipotent beneficent deity 2. good will prevail over evil 3. humans must strive for highest moral standards 4. humans will undergo judgment day Theme 2 Persepolis 500 BCE Persian Royal Road 1600 miles/ qanats postal system / standardized coins / standardized laws/ regular taxes specialized production in different areas of the empire open lines of communication (to administer 70 different ethnic groups) emphasized family, clan, education tolerance Theme 2

  6. Theme 3 “Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds” Theme 4 Theme 5

  7. initially clan based/ nomadic/ pastoralists centralized authority (Cyrus, Darius) but not direct rule of subjects SATRAPS governed 23 SATRAPIES/ locals helped administer satrapies imperial spies (“eyes and ears of the king”) Darius = genius = great administrator Xeres = ruins tolerant environment = fall of the Achamenids Persian Wars 500-479 BCE Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid Empires Theme 3 high agricultural production/ taxes and tribute Roads fostered trade economic specialization “Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds” Theme 4 highly organized classes of bureaucrats/ priests/ craftsmen/ merchants/ slaves/ free peasants population 35 million (Darius) conspicuous displays of wealth/ social extremes Theme 5

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