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The Line Officer Function

Learn about the importance of traffic enforcement for protecting the public, reducing accidents, and uncovering criminal acts. Discover safe tactics and procedures for conducting routine traffic stops and how to handle various situations during the stop.

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The Line Officer Function

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Line Officer Function CJUS 104 Part 7: Traffic Enforcement and Foot Patrol

  2. Introduction A. Traffic enforcement = important part of job (1) Reasons: - to insure compliance with traffic laws - protect the public /property - reduce accidents /injuries - opportunity = uncover criminal acts (2) There is never a “routine traffic stop” - you do not know vehicle occupants

  3. - do not know what is going to happen when you walk up to the vehicle - safe tactics /procedures = part of job (2) Good police work = routine traffic stop - good arrests are made B. Planning the stop - observe a violation = plan /don’t react - do not have to stop every violator (1) Guidelines for traffic stop

  4. - safe location = you and other drivers - consider backup - able to articulate justification for stop (2) Broadcast extraordinary information - prior to stop - people in vehicle /license plate altered - possible DUI C. Making the stop - notify dispatch = vehicle information - location of the exact stop

  5. (1) Dispatch notified before - turning on emergency equipment - overheads = vehicle accelerates before - pursuit = dispatch has information (2) Watch occupants closely - furtive movements /switch positions - tossing objects from vehicle (3) Use simplest methods to stop vehicle - first = overhead lights - flash headlights /use PA system

  6. - honk your horn - last resort = siren /watch other drivers (4) Required = pull over to right /stop - except when otherwise directed - PA system = tell where to turn /park (5) Notify dispatch of final location /backup (6) Illuminate violator vehicle - take-down light for vehicle /interior - spot light = driver side mirror /rearview

  7. 2. Positioning vehicle A. Position for officer protection - vehicle occupants /on-coming traffic (1) Distance from stopped vehicle - 10 to 15 feet away - enough distance to react /suspect exits - close enough to contact violator - quickly return = violator drives away (2) Exit vehicle quickly

  8. - never get caught sitting in vehicle - get out quickly /back vehicle up - two officers = passenger first out B. Park at angle - pull in behind /park at 45 degree angle - wheels turned to left - protects officer /other vehicle hits rear end - pushed away from officer /stopped vehicle C. Approach vehicle - not distracted /continue to observe

  9. - handgun empty - make contact /back to vehicle to write (1) Driver /passenger exit the vehicle - demand they stay at vehicle - weapon ready if any concerns - maintain control /approach when ready (2) No more than one person out of car - demand they get back in car - weapon at the ready - don’t lose control

  10. (3) Consider right-side approach - heavy traffic on roadway - out of sight = side view /rear view - allows: move away /drop down (4) Get in habit = pushing down on trunk lid - person may be in unlocked trunk (5) Not walk between vehicle /patrol car - go into reverse /hit you - continually watch backup lights - be ready to jump

  11. (6) Walking up = be observant - look into backseat as you approach - stand just back of driver’s front door - make driver turn back to look at you - watch the hands of driver 3. Contacting driver A. Concerns about approaching vehicle - consider calling driver back to you (1) Tell driver to turn-off engine

  12. - step out with hands in plain view (2) Your out of vehicle = behind car door - have driver walk back to you - approach when satisfied no danger B. Whether contact in vehicle /on street (1) License /registration /insurance card - look at picture = compare to driver - establish control /compliance - do not argue with driver

  13. (a) Ask questions /avoid accusations - know speed limit /how fast going (b) Verify all information - driver’s check /vehicle check (c) Courteous = but firm - attitude /demeanor = difference - do not hesitate /sound confused / contradict yourself C. Returning to your vehicle

  14. (1) Do not turn back on driver - continue = look back at occupants - returning to the patrol car (2) Occupants = remain in their car - driver refuses = wait beside the car - danger sign = out of car /close to you (3) Violator /passenger = nervous /agitated - be very cautious - swearing /kick tire /pound on roof

  15. - get backup ASAP (a) Driver approaches you - draw weapon /have ready - prepare to use pepper spray (b) Demand they wait in /at their car - tell = arrest for obstructing - others = interfering (4) Know justification for using force /arrest - threatened = used defensive technique

  16. - articulate justification to use force - violator refuses to sign citation = make arrest with backup D. Second contact - can be very dangerous (1) Believe you ran warrant check - waiting for confirmation (2) Become more agitated /angry waiting - time to plan attack on you

  17. (3) Consider = they come back to you - contact at rear of the their vehicle - stand in front of patrol vehicle - you stand at passenger side (4) Keep license /registration = ticket signed - check signature /compare to license - law allows them to sign any name - still holds them to legal ramifications (5) Explain procedures = take care of ticket - end contact politely /safely

  18. - never say “Have a nice day” - if necessary = assist back into traffic E. Two-officer stops (1) Use ‘contact and cover’ guidelines - passenger officer = first out - driver /one foot out = updates dispatch - driver officer makes contact - lets occupants know = two officers (2) Both officers out every time /even in rain

  19. - cover officer = inspects right side - driver = left side /watches violator(s) (3) Communicate with your partner - especially where weapons are concern - rifle = rack in back of pickup - knife = lying on floor in backseat area (a) People lying down in vehicle /hiding (b) Suspicious movements of occupants - talk = before /during /after stop

  20. (c) Code word ready = certain incidents - suspect holding gun on partner - partner to back away to safety (4) Stagger your approach and return - cover officer = checks vehicle /then returns to position of safety - driver officer = returns from contact - cover officer = moves up /flashing light 3. Problem vehicles - motorcycles /vans /campers /motor homes

  21. A. Motorcycles - easier to assault officer /feet and hands - greater ability to turn /shoot at officer - identity remains hidden /helmet on - greater ability to elude on motorcycle (1) Vans /campers /motor homes - provides greater concealment - side and back doors = surprise attack (2) Trucks = freight /log /delivery /tanker - height = not allow officer to see inside

  22. - sleeping compartment = 2nd individual B. General guidelines - illuminate mirrors /watch closely /back up - consider a ‘high risk’ stop - carefully watch side and back doors - consider having driver step out 4. Foot patrol A. More readily accessible to the public - impacts police-public relations more

  23. (1) Greater responsibilities = greater threat - walking advertisement for department - sees you as an individual - not faceless person in patrol car (a) Greater resource /gather information - citizen has easier access - establish good reputation on street (b) More vulnerable to attacks - walking in open areas - moving among people

  24. (2) Primary reason for foot patrol - high crime area - business district = high traffic volume - large gathering of people (3) Hours /days may vary - usually = days /swing shifts - 10:00 AM to 3:00 AM - prime hours = business /street people B. Officer attitude /appearance - to look good /approachable

  25. (1) Friendly /observant - ability to communicate - enjoy meeting people /helping - observe with five senses - good memory = facts /faces (2) Maintain professional appearance - physically fit /trim = in the public eye - non-smoker /agencies will not hire - uniform in top condition (3) Use to be used for punishment

  26. - now = considered an advancement - competition for position C. Performance (1) Do not establish a pattern - random patrol (2) Actions on day /swing shifts can differ - day shift = primarily public relations - contacting people /businesses - checking = alleys /banks /stores /etc.

  27. - most of shift = visible (3) Swing shift - spend time being visible /invisible - lurking in alleys /doorways /shadows - maintain order /control of crowds (4) Get to know people better - calling by their names - knowing what to expect from them - their needs /expectations - transients /homeless /mentally ill

  28. - easy to by-pass in patrol car - not while on foot patrol 5. Prowler calls A. Become very routine calls (1) People in fear of personal safety - see on television /read in paper - gossip when talking to others (2) Calls occur both day and night

  29. - majority = occur at night - pose greater threat to officers - harder to locate suspect /prowler (3) Resident thinks they see /hear someone - any movement /a shadow /dog barking - any sound = roof /by a window or door - say they saw someone look in window (4) All calls taken very seriously - whether they see someone - or just hear a strange noise

  30. B. At least two patrol cars assigned (1) Great potential for danger - hiding /preparing for assault on officer - easily turn into foot pursuit (2) Respond quickly /safely - do not respond Code 3 (lights /siren) - emergency lights = thru intersections - dispatch = prowler using forced entry - use siren on approach to scare away - avoid injury to victim

  31. C. Know your district (1) Within several blocks = turn off lights - use flashlight to look at house numbers - opposite side = quick on and off (2) Park at least two houses away - make as little noise as possible (3) Stay in shadows - listen for strange noises - dogs barking /glass breaking

  32. (4) Assigned officer is in charge - direct other responding units into area - advise positions to take D. Dispatch responsibility (1) Advise of arrival - tell number of officers at scene - request radio silence (2) Have dispatch notify homeowner

  33. - usually kept on line - advised to keep doors /windows locked E. Preliminary search = residence /grounds (1) Use radio to advise other officers - tell position to take = front /back /side - which officers to start search (2) Secondary search = contact neighbors - search neighborhood area - check all vehicles in area

  34. (5) Contact complainant - advise if suspect found or not - will continue periodic checks if not 6. Help the officer calls - top priority call A. The police subculture - very close relations /intimate friendships - people you depend on /do not assault - officer needs help = all respond

  35. (1) Officer down - usually means injured - shot /knifed /beaten (2) Officer needs help - situation where more officers needed - can be before /during /after a contact - can occur at any time B. Responding officers - drive safely - department procedures = lights /siren

  36. (1) Remember safety of public - other drivers /pedestrians (2) Follow directions of primary officer - do not respond if not assigned (3) Responding officers use caution - be prepared for an attack

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