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Chapter 22 Reproductive Systems

Chapter 22 Reproductive Systems. Male reproductive organs. 22-2. Male Reproductive Organs. posterior view. 22-3. Descent of Testes. 22-4. Formation of Sperm Cells. Testis.mov. 22-6. Spermatogenesis. Meiosis.mov. 22-7. Crossing Over. mixes up traits

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Chapter 22 Reproductive Systems

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  1. Chapter 22Reproductive Systems Male reproductive organs 22-2

  2. Male Reproductive Organs posterior view 22-3

  3. Descent of Testes 22-4

  4. Formation of Sperm Cells Testis.mov 22-6

  5. Spermatogenesis Meiosis.mov 22-7

  6. Crossing Over • mixes up traits • different colors represent the fact that one homologous chromosome comes from the individual’s father and one from the mother 22-8

  7. Crossing Over • the genetic information in sperm cells and egg cells varies from cell to cell 22-9

  8. Structure of a Sperm Cell 22-10

  9. Male Internal Accessory Organs • vas deferens • prostate gland • bulbourethral glands 22-11

  10. Epididymis • tightly coiled tube • promote maturation of sperm cells 22-12

  11. Vas Deferens • muscular tube • about 45 cm 22-13

  12. Seminal Vesicle • attached to vas deferens near base of bladder • contents empty into ejaculatory duct 22-14

  13. Prostate Gland • surrounds beginning of urethra • ducts of gland open into urethra • secretion enhances fluid mobility 22-15

  14. Bulbourethral Gland • inferior to the prostate gland • fluid released in response to sexual stimulation 22-16

  15. Semen • secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands • prostaglandins 22-17

  16. Male External Reproductive Organs • scrotum • penis 22-18

  17. Scrotum • pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue 22-19

  18. Penis 22-20

  19. Penis 22-21

  20. Erection, Orgasm, and Ejaculation • Erection • Orgasm • culmination of sexual stimulation • accompanied by emission and ejaculation • Ejaculation • emission is the movement of semen into urethra Penis.mov 22-22

  21. Actions of Testosterone • sometimes decreased growth of scalp hair • enlargement of larynx and thickening of vocal cords • increased muscular growth 22-26

  22. Organs of the Female Reproductive System 22-27

  23. Oogenesis 22-30

  24. Follicles Graffian Follicle Mammalian Ovary 22-31

  25. Follicles 22-32

  26. Follicle Maturation 0044.exe 22-33

  27. Ovulation 22-34 Ovary.mov

  28. Female Internal Accessory Organs • uterine tubes • uterus • vagina 22-35

  29. Uterine Tubes 22-36

  30. Lining of Uterine Tubes 22-37

  31. Uterus 22-38

  32. Female External Reproductive Organs 22-41

  33. Effects of Estrogens • increased adipose tissue in breasts, thighs, and buttocks 22-44

  34. Female Reproductive Cycle • FSH stimulates follicle maturation • granulosa cells secrete estrogens • LH surge released which stimulates ovulation • estrogens and progesterone cause uterine lining to thicken and become more vascular • corpus luteum degenerates and no longer secretes estrogens and progesterone • uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs off 22-45

  35. Female Reproductive Cycle 22-46

  36. Menopause • usually occurs in late 40s or early 50s • ovaries no longer produce as much estrogens and progesterone • some female secondary sex characteristics may disappear • may produce hot flashes and fatigue 22-47

  37. Birth Control • coitus interruptus • rhythm method • mechanical barriers • condom • diaphragm • cervical cap • spermicidal foams or jellies • chemical barriers • spermicides • oral contraceptives • hormonal • injectable contraception • hormonal • contraceptive implants • hormonal • intrauterine devices • surgical methods • vasectomy • tubal ligation 22-49

  38. Surgical Methods of Birth Control Epes.mov Ovary 2.mov 22-50

  39. Sexually Transmitted Diseases • silent infections • AIDS causes death • symptoms of STDs include • burning sensation during urination • pain in lower abdomen • fever or swollen glands • discharge from vagina or penis • pain, itch, or inflammation in genital or anal area • sores, blisters, bumps or rashes • itchy runny eyes 22-51

  40. Clinical Application Prostate Enlargement • benign prostatic hypertrophy occurs in most men over 50 • BPH causes frequent urination • risk factors include a fatty diet, having had a vasectomy, or exposure to certain environmental factors • treatments include surgical removal, drugs, insertion of balloon into urethra, freezing of tumor, or insertion of stent between lobes of prostate to relieve pressure on urethra 22-52

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