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Communicable Disease

Communicable Disease. HIV & AIDS. (HIV): a virus that attacks the body’s immune system (AIDS): HIV infection combined with severe immune deficiency, final stage of infection with HIV. HIV & the human body.

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Communicable Disease

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  1. Communicable Disease HIV & AIDS

  2. (HIV): a virus that attacks the body’s immune system (AIDS): HIV infection combined with severe immune deficiency, final stage of infection with HIV

  3. HIV & the human body • HIV enter bloodstream gets into (fight of disease-causing organisms) • Here HIV reproduces its • More t-helper cells become infected and • Decrease in t-helper cells reduces ability to fight off pathogens, becoming vulnerable to certain illnesses • HIV present anywhere in the body - bloodstream, lymph nodes, and brain cells

  4. How HIV is transmitted • HIV must enter a person’s in order to infect the person • Body fluid - • Small concentration - saliva, sweat, tears, feces, urine, breast milk

  5. Risk behaviors known to transmit HIV • of adults and teenagers with HIV have acquired the virus through sexual intercourse or use of IV drugs • Sexual intercourse - enter blood stream though • Open sores from STDs increase your risk of HIV • (IV): drugs that are injected into the veins • Sharing of needles, steroids, tattoos, piercing, drugs,

  6. Other modes of transmission • Blood transfusion • Since all blood has been tested • Mother-to-child • Exchanged through the - take medicine that will hopefully eliminate the transfer of HIV • During - blood exchange • During

  7. Teenagers at risk • HIV infection among teenagers is on the rise - especially among African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and females • CDC reports • AIDS is leading cause of death in 25-44 yrs old • 1997 - 3,359 cases of HIV infection among 13-19 yr olds • AIDS now leading cause of death for women in 15 of the largest cities • Avoid any behaviors that

  8. Detecting HIV antibodies • 2 phase testing process - together the tests have an accuracy level of • for the body to produce antibodies following infection • If a person still suspects they were exposed to HIV & it is under 6-month period - they

  9. HIV testing • : a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood • Can react even if there is only one or two antibodies in the sample blood • Hemophilia, hepatitis, and pregnancy can cause a “false” reactive reading • : a highly accurate test used to confirm the results of a reactive ELISA

  10. Symptoms of HIV infection • : a period of months or years during which the virus is present in the blood but there are no symptoms or signs of the disease • months to years • Develop into • Symptomatic stage - fever, rash, headache, body aches, swollen glands (mistaken for the flu)

  11. Diagnosis of AIDS • Misconception AIDS is disease - AIDS is a in HIV infection • AIDS is diagnosed by - reactive test result of HIV antibodies, t-helper cell count under , presence of one or more • (AIDS-OIs): infections and other disease caused by organisms that do not usually produce illness in healthy people with unimpaired immune systems

  12. AIDS-OIs • Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC or MAI) - bacterial infection • Symptoms - fever, night sweat, fatigue, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, anemia, abdominal pain, weakness, dizziness, and nausea • Cryptococcosis (cryptoccal disease) - fungal infection that may cause meningitis or pneumonia • Symptoms - headache, stiffness in the neck, fever, blurred vision, staggering gait, & fatigue

  13. AIDS-OIs cont. • Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) - portozoal infection that causes a form of pneumonia • Symptoms - difficulty in breathing, fever, persistent cough • Toxoplasmosis Gondii (Toxo) - protozoal infection that can cause encephalitis • Characterize by - altered mental state, confusion, lethargy, delusional behavior, paralysis on one side of the body, seizers, severe headaches, fever, coma

  14. AIDS-OIs cont. • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - viral infection • Symptoms - blurry vision, blindness, pain, difficulty swallowing, lesions in the esophagus, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, wasting, & eventual blindness • AIDS-related Cognitive Motor Dysfunction - progressive disorder in which brain tissue is destroyed • Symptoms - mild confusion, inability to control one’s muscular movement

  15. AIDS-OIs cont. • Peripheral Nerve/Spinal Cord Dysfunction - inflammation of the verves connecting the central nervous system to the sensory organs, muscles, glands, and internal organs • Symptoms - numbness, tingling, pain, and muscle weakness

  16. HIV information • Understanding how the virus works is a key to finding out • Once HIV enters the body it starts producing copies at itself at a rate of about

  17. Obstacles to research • Nature of the virus • - reproduce in a manner that makes them difficult to combat • Several new stains of the virus • Lack of appropriate models for affordability of treatment • Combination therapies cost

  18. Treatment • Medication interferes with HIV’s • Triple threat • HIV enters a cell • disrupt an early stage of virus’ reproduction • inhibitors block the final stage of reproduction • As a result, no additional virus is produced

  19. Preventing the spread of HIV • HIV for the most part preventable by , staying informed, and making responsible decisions • AIDS • AIDS is an outbreak of infectious disease of global proportions • from sexual activity and drugs the only way to stop the spread of HIV

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