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Salvete, discipuli! Chapter XXIV: Participial Uses 2

Salvete, discipuli! Chapter XXIV: Participial Uses 2. Verbal Aspects. Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle. Active Passive. Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd. Singular Plural.

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Salvete, discipuli! Chapter XXIV: Participial Uses 2

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  1. Salvete, discipuli! Chapter XXIV: Participial Uses 2

  2. Verbal Aspects Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle Active Passive Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect 1st 2nd 3rd Singular Plural

  3. How many Participles are there? • Now that we have learned to recognize and form participles in Latin, let’s begin to look at the basic syntactic uses of the participle: • In Latin, there are FOUR participial functions in a sentence….

  4. Participial Functions • Attributive • Circumstantial • Absolute • Periphrastic

  5. Participial Functions • Attributive • Circumstantial • Absolute • Periphrastic

  6. Absolute Participles • Absolute Participles are an extension of Clausal Participles in as much as they can take objects and phrases. • They allow one to be able to have two separate subjects do two separate things in a sentence.

  7. Absolute Participles • They allow one to be able to have two separate subjects do two separate things in a sentence. • After Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced. • In this sentence there are TWO different subjects with TWO different verbs. • In English, the two clauses are separated by a comma.

  8. Absolute Participles • However, in Latin there are no commas, so having two separate subjects doing two separate things would be difficult, as one could be confused over which subject (nominative) went with which verb. • Postea Roma visa est femina gaudebat.

  9. Absolute Participles • Therefore, instead of commas, Latin puts the subordinate clause into what is called the ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. • After Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced. • An ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE is formed by putting the subject of the subordinate clause into the ABLATIVE and making its verb a PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE.

  10. Absolute Participles An ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE is formed by putting the subject of the subordinate clause into the ABLATIVE and making its verb a PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE. With Rome having been seen, the woman rejoiced. Romā visā, femina gaudebat.

  11. Absolute Participles With Rome having been seen, the woman rejoiced. Romā visā, femina gaudebat. With these things having been heard, he began to fear. Hīs rebus auditīs, coepit timēre. With him holding the power, I fear the outcome. Eō imperium tenente, eventum timeō.

  12. Absolute Participles • To create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways. • If the Absolute Participle is PRESENT, one can start the Ablative Absolute with the word “When” and make it a normal English clause: • Eō imperium tenente, eventum timeō. • With him holding the power, I fear the outcome. • WHEN he holds the power, I fear the outcome. ,

  13. Absolute Participles • To create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways. • If the Absolute Participle is PERFECT, one can start the Ablative Absolute with the word “After” and make it a normal English clause: • Hīs rebus auditīs, coepit timēre. • With these things having been heard, he began to fear. • After these things were heard, he began to fear. ,

  14. Absolute Participles • To create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways. • The Ablative Absolute can also be translated by starting the clause with “Since” or “Although” if it makes better sense in the sentence. • Romā visā, femina gaudebat. • Since Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced. • Although Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced. ,

  15. Practice • Civibuspatriamamantibus, possumushabēremagnāsspēs. • Tyrannōsuperatō, civēslibertatem et iuraacceperunt. • Multīshominibusvictīs, totamurbemtenērecupivistī.

  16. Classwork? pp. 158-9, #1-3, 6

  17. Homework? HW 32

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