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Change and Continuity in Central Asia

Change and Continuity in Central Asia. By Tiffani Kolozian, Hannah Mulvihill, and JaLinda Dunovant. 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E. Nomads cause the fall of major empires 400 BCE- Empire of Alexander the Great expands into Central Asia where Greek culture is spread

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Change and Continuity in Central Asia

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  1. Change and Continuity in Central Asia By Tiffani Kolozian, Hannah Mulvihill, and JaLinda Dunovant

  2. 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E. Nomads cause the fall of major empires • 400 BCE- Empire of Alexander the Great expands into Central Asia where Greek culture is spread • 1 CE- Buddhism begins to spread from India into Central Asia • 100 CE- Buddhism flourishes in Central Asia becoming the most popular religion replacing Zoroastrianism

  3. 200 CE- Han China had constant conflict with the nomadic Xiongnu who invaded after collapse • 400 CE- Silkworm farms develop in Central Asia • 476 CE- Visigoths and Huns began to press on the Roman Empire • 550 CE- Collapse of the Gupta Empire due to White Hun invasions • 200-600 CE- Mongols control Silk Roads and by doing so spread the Black Death. Germanic tribes converted to Christianity

  4. ChangeContinuity • Remain nomadic • Continued brutality in conquest • Skilled archers and horsemen • Superior military organization • Religious diffusion: conversion to different religions • End of empires due to the Germanic invasions • Greek culture brought to Central Asia (Hellenism) • Black Death spread along trade routes

  5. 600 C.E.- 1450 • 1100- Genghis Khan is able to unite the Mongols • Early 1200’s- death of Genghis Khan. Mongols invade Russia, Poland and Hungary • 1234- Mongol invasion of China -Regions split into Hordes: Golden Horde in Russia • 1242- Russia succumbs to the Tatars (a group of Mongols previously under Genghis Khan): they ruled much of Russia for 2 centuries causing a split in Eastern and Western European culture

  6. 1200s-1300s- Pax Mongolica (stabilized period of the Mongolian Empire where there was social, cultural and economic peace) • 1279- Song Dynasty fell to the Jurchen then the Mongols, Yuan dynasty established • 1300s- Decline of Mongolian power in Russia (with rise of Ivan the Terrible) -Turkish Ottoman Empire established: Osman Bey, Selim I, Suleiman I • 1370-1405- Mogul Empire under Timur Lang (Samarkand: capital). Death of Tamerlane leads to decline of Mogul Empire in India • 1453- Byzantine Empire ends due to Turks (Constantinople becomes Istanbul)

  7. ChangeContinuity • Mongols are able to tie together the world using the silk roads and ideas and culture spread from the Pacific to the Mediterranean • The Mongols did not impose their own culture on their subjects and were religiously tolerant, but remained brutal in take over • Ottoman Empire intact • Mongols settle down, controlling major empires instead of previous nomadic lifestyle • Rise and fall of Mongolian empires in Russia, China, and India • Pax Mongolica

  8. 1450-1750 • 1526- Prince Babur founds the Mughal Empire, unifying India. • 1556-1605- Akbar leads religiously tolerant rule -Taj Mahal built under Shah Jahan • 1600s- Europeans begin to penetrate port cities • 1700s- Muslims begin to persecute Hindus

  9. Change Continuity • From religiously tolerant to persecution of Hindus by Muslims in India • Arrival of Europeans sets stage for British control • Mughal empire in India is evidence of still existing Mongol imperial monopoly

  10. 1750-1914 • 1800s- The Great Game: • Tsarist Russia and the British Empire are in competition for control in Central Asia • Conflict over the control of Afghanistan • Ottoman involvement in World War I: sided with Central Powers

  11. Change Continuity • Competition for Afghanistan • Ottoman Empire force in WWI • Afghanistan remains • a major source of oil and dispute • Ottoman empire still standing though weak and suffering many territorial losses

  12. 1914 to Present • 1922- End of Ottoman Empire with Ataturk • 1941- End of the Great Game • 1980- Terrorism in Afghanistan- Al Qaeda, Taliban forces • 1991- Collapse of Soviet Union. 5 central Asia countries gain independence • Late 1900’s- Soviets invade Afghanistan: industrializes, local culture suppressed, ethnic tensions, and environmental problems result • 2001- September 11th: terrorist plot against US. War on Terrorism launched

  13. Change Continuity • Even though Afghanistan was independent, Russia still had economic influence because their trade routes and pipelines ran through Russia • Terrorism still major threat (US still in war) • Fall of Ottomans • Soviet Union loosens control in Afghanistan • 5 countries in Central Asia gain independence • Rise of terrorism • Afghanistan independent and Islamic in the end

  14. THE END!

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