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Islam

Islam. Kaaba. Becomes Political. Sects. Empire. Beliefs. Europe. Founding. Islam. India. Impact on Trade. Southeast Asia. Africa. Pre-Islamic Arab World. Bedouins Camel herding Agriculture Clan Identity Towns Long-distance trade Mecca. Pre-Islamic Arabia Economic role

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Islam

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  1. Islam Kaaba

  2. Becomes Political Sects Empire Beliefs Europe Founding Islam India Impact on Trade Southeast Asia Africa

  3. Pre-Islamic Arab World • Bedouins • Camel herding • Agriculture • Clan Identity • Towns • Long-distance trade • Mecca

  4. Pre-Islamic Arabia Economic role Milking camels Weaving cloth Raising children Rural areas Matrilineal Polygamy for both sexes Man paid dowry Not veiled or secluded Status determined by custom Urban areas Patrilineal Male polygamy Marriage and Family

  5. Founding • Muhammad • 622 CE • Hijrah—from Makkah to Medina

  6. Beliefs • Monotheistic • 5 Pillars of Islam • Alms-Zakat • Fasting • Prayer • Faith-Shahara • Haj • Jihad— • People of the Book—dhimmi status

  7. Sects • Shi’ia-bloodline • Sunni-elected • Sufis-mystical • Whirling Dervishes

  8. Empire BuildingUmayyad-661-750 • Sunni • Series of alliances bring stability to Islamic community • Capital—Damascus • Center of Learning • Exposed to Hellenistic traditions • Eastward to India and China • Westward to North Africa and Spain • Battle of Tours • Stressed political not religious aspect of office

  9. Dar-al-Islam—lands ruled by Islam • United lands they ruled • Arabic official language • Minted Arabic currency • Road building • Postal routes • Civil service • Improved conditions for non-Muslims • Opposition from religious and political groups—Abbasids most powerful one

  10. Capital Baghdad Center of banking, commerce, crafts Caliph Harun al-Rashid--high point Battle of Talas River ends Tang spread 1258-Mongol assault Abbasids750-1258

  11. Abbasid Administration • Ulama —learned official with religious knowledge • Qadis -judges set moral standards and resolved disputes • Relied on Persian techniques of administration

  12. Trade • Overland • Trade cities brought under Islamic control • Silk Routes • Maintenance of roads for military and administration • Camels and caravansaries

  13. Maritime Mediterranean and Indian Ocean Routes Compass-China Lateen Sail-Southeast Asia and India Astrolabe-Hellenistic mariners

  14. Impact on Trade1300’s

  15. Muhammad’s wife a wealthy widow Women’s rights Contact with Syria and Persia Veiling Women

  16. Persian Administration Al Ghazzali -denounced Greek philosophers Language-literature, poetry Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Greek Philosophy Arab Ibn Sina [Avicenna] Al Razi Cultural Influences

  17. Europe • Spain—Moors • 732 • Battle of Tours

  18. Seljuks 11th-14th century Steppe people Hired by weak Abbasid rulers to fight in army 1000 moved from central Asia into Middle East Restored Sunni caliphate Gained control of main trade routes Used wealth to build an empire Defeated Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert 1071 Conquest of Palestine led Pope Urban II to call for first crusade Turks

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