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Lecture One: Introduction

Lecture One: Introduction. IMBA NCCU Managerial Economics Lecturer: Jack Wu. Managerial Economics. Managerial economics: Science of directing scarce resources to manage more effectively resources – financial, human, physical

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Lecture One: Introduction

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  1. Lecture One: Introduction IMBA NCCU Managerial Economics Lecturer: Jack Wu

  2. Managerial Economics Managerial economics: Science of directing scarce resources to manage more effectively • resources – financial, human, physical • management of customers, suppliers, competitors, internal organization • organizations – business, nonprofit, household

  3. CASE: BOEING AND AIRBUS • Airbus: Until 2001, established under French law as a “Groupe d’Intérêt Economique” • Boeing: Listed company • April 2004: Boeing launches 787 • December 2004: Airbus launches A350

  4. Questions of Managerial Economics Related to the Case • Why did Airbus corporatize in 2001? What are benefits from corporatization? • Why did Airbus Chief Commercial Officer John Leahy remark that A350 would “put a hole in Boeing’s Christmas stocking”? • How should Boeing respond?

  5. HOW SHOULD BOEING RESPOND? • Should Boeing proceed with its plan to develop the Dreamliner or should it alter its development plans? • Should Boeing respond by changing its pricing for its new jet?? • How much would development and manufacturer cost, and how do these costs depend on sales volume? • Did Airbus respond correctly to Boeing’s Dreamliner?

  6. APPLICATION OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS • Boeing has limited resources. • Boeing managers seek to maximize the financial return from these limited resources. • They should apply managerial economics to develop pricing and R&D strategies, design their organizations, and so on. • The same is true of Airbus.

  7. NEW ECONOMY: INTERNET • Managerial Economics also applies to the new economy. • Example: In pricing, Airlines use online auctions to segment their market between business and leisure travelers. • Example: In competitive strategy, Google competes fiercely with Yahoo.

  8. Old/New Economy • Differences between “New” and “Old” economy: _ role of network effects in demand **network effects – benefit/cost depends on total number of other users example: Internt _ importance of economies of scale and scope example: Information in Yahoo is scalable

  9. Scope of Managerial Economics • Managerial econ is based on microeconomics. • Microeconomics • Microeconomics is the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. • Macroeconomics • Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole.

  10. EXAMPLE: INCREASE IN OIL PRICE • Micro effect: vehicle users, electronic power generators • Macro effect: inflation, unemployment

  11. Methodology • economic model – concise description of behavior and outcomes • marginal vis-à-vis average • stock vis-à-vis flow • other things equal

  12. Methodology • Timing • static model – single point in time • dynamic model – focus on sequence of actions and payments

  13. Organization • Vertical boundaries – closer to or further from end user • Samsung Electronics – vertical boundaries longer than • Intel – specializes in semiconductors (upstream) • Motorola – specializes in mobile phones (downstream)

  14. Organization • Horizontal boundaries – scale and scope of activities • Samsung Electronics – horizontal boundaries broader than • LG.Philips LCD – specializes in LCD • Motorola – specializes in mobile phones

  15. Market • Market: Buyers and sellers communicate with one another for voluntary exchange • market need not be physical • industry -- businesses engaged in the production or delivery of the same or similar items

  16. Market: continued • Competitive Markets • Market Power • Imperfect Markets

  17. Competitive market • Benchmark for managerial economics • Extremely competitive market • many buyers and many sellers • no room for managerial strategizing • Achieves economic efficiency

  18. Competitive market • Model: • demand • supply • market equilibrium

  19. Market power • Definition – ability of a buyer or seller to influence market conditions • Seller with market power must manage • costs • pricing • advertising expenditure • R&D expenditure • strategy toward competitors

  20. Imperfect market • Definition: where • one party directly conveys a benefit or cost to others, or • one party has better information than others

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