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Critical Thinking in Psychology

Critical Thinking in Psychology. Critical Thinking = The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion. Guidelines to Critical Thinking. Ask Questions. 1. _______________________________:

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Critical Thinking in Psychology

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  1. Critical Thinking in Psychology Critical Thinking = The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion.

  2. Guidelines to Critical Thinking Ask Questions • 1. _______________________________: Use higher level questions! Don’t just ask “who?” or “what?” EXAMPLES: “Why did psychologists get this result?” “How did they reach that conclusion?” BLOOM’S TAXONOMY (You WILL see this in college!)

  3. Guidelines to Critical Thinking

  4. Guidelines to Critical Thinking • 2. DEFINE YOUR TERMS: Make a _________________________ - a statement that attempts to predict a set of phenomena (EMPIRICAL!) SCIENCE-fiction Emperor Palpatine (Star Wars) Make a hypothesis →

  5. QUESTION DO YOU REMEMBER THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?

  6. Guidelines to Critical Thinking Examine the evidence • 3.___________________________________ - NO “Lazy” Thinking - Look for proof! • Example:What is the cause of Autism? -Biological or Environmental? (Nature vs. Nurture) - Why are some people such good athletes? It’s nature vs. nurture, baby…nature wins every time

  7. Guidelines to Critical Thinking 4. ANALYZE ASSUMPTIONS AND BIASES:Don’t assume without proof or ignore other PERSPECTIVES! • Principle of _______________________: - A scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of being proven wrong -Example:“Misery Loves Company” Falsifiability

  8. FALSIFIABILITY IN A “NUTSHELL” • CAN YOU REPLICATE YOUR EXPERIMENT AND GET THE SAME RESULTS? • IF NOT, START OVER! HELP! I’M IN A NUTSHELL!

  9. Guidelines to Critical Thinking 5. AVOID EMOTIONAL REASONING: All disagreements must have proof! EMO

  10. Guidelines to Critical Thinking 6. DON’T OVERSIMPLIFY: Just because it’s happened to you (and maybe some friends) doesn’t mean it happens to everyone.

  11. QUESTION SHOULD DISOBEDIENT CHILDREN BE SPANKED? Were YOU spanked as a child? How might this influence your perspective?

  12. Guidelines to Critical Thinking 7. CONSIDER OTHER _______________________________ GOAL = _______________ - An organized system of assumptions and principles that aims to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships. • Example: Depression causes cancer Interpretations Theory

  13. Guidelines to Critical Thinking 8. TOLERATE UNCERTAINTY: Sometimes you just don’t know... …and that’s ________!!! OK

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