Unit 3 Review

1. A Nation is Born Unit 3 Review

2. American writers during the Age of Reason were concerned with science, logic, and government. Focus shifted away from religion. The Age of Reason was also known as Enlightenment. Historical Background

3. Boston Massacre • In 1770 these “Redcoats” fired into a taunting mob killing 5 civilians • Townshend Acts were repealed except the tax on tea • Boston Tea Party • A group of colonists posed as Mohawk Indians and dumped a shipment of tea into Boston Harbor • Coercive Acts • Created as punishment for tea party activities • Shut down port to Boston • Insisted British troops be housed in colonists homes Conflicts

4. The “shot heard round the world” • First shot fired in the war • The Battle at Lexington and Concord

5. The Autobiography • Franklin compiled 13 virtues to lead him on his path to moral perfection • Temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, humility • Devotes one week to each virtue • Thinks if he can strengthen one virtue at a time through strict attention, he can retain that strength when he works on the rest • Order is the most difficult virtue for him to master. • He never achieves moral perfection, however he believes the attempt made him happier than living without his list. Benjamin Franklin

6. Poor Richard’s Almanack • A collection of aphorisms- a short pointed statement expressing some wise or clever observation about life or teaching some moral lesson • “He that lieth down with dogs shall rise up with fleas.” • “Well done is better than well said.” • “Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep you.” Benjamin Franklin

7. Speech in the Convention • Arguing for the ratification of the Constitution • Recognizes that the document has flaws, but still supports it • Believes the document is “as good as it is likely to be” • Documents created by committees are flawed because individuals bring their strengths and weaknesses Benjamin Franklin

8. Colonial newspapers were initially mouthpieces for the British government. Freedom of Press was first established in the colonies. Colonial newspapers fueled the fires of the revolution; encouraging and aiding war efforts. American newspapers were the first to criticize and question their government. Colonial Newspapers

9. Background • Inventor: created a type of elevator (dumbwaiter) • Artist: accomplished violinist • Statesman: 3rd president, 2nd vice president, 1st secretary of state • Died: July 4thon the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

10. Declaration of Independence • Governments were created by men to protect their basic human rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. • Any government that infringes on those rights or attempts to destroy them should be overthrown. • Jefferson creates an extensive list of grievances against the king to show that the call for revolution is justified, and that this is a last resort prompted by many abuses. Thomas Jefferson

11. From The Crisis Number 1 • Uses emotional appeal to persuade colonists to fight for their independence. • Demands that all people are called to arms to ensure equality for all. • Colonists who remain loyal to Britain are cowards. • Compares the war to a man defending his property, • “if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to ‘bind me in all cases whatsoever’ to his absolute will, am I to suffer it?” Thomas Paine

12. Speech in the Virginia Convention • Speech intended to encourage colonists to enter into war against Britain. • Believes peaceful resolution is impossible. • Heavily relies on emotional appeal to urge his listeners toward action. • “…give me liberty or give me death!” Patrick Henry

13. Inaugural Address • “Balance of Terror”- discusses the arms race between the U.S. and U.S.S.R; the ability of each side to destroy the world through atomic weapons • Stresses the importance of maintaining the principles found in The Declaration of Independence and making freedom and equality available for everyone in the world. • America must remain strong militarily so that no enemy will question their strength. • Americans need to be willing to make personal sacrifices for the common good • “…ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country” John F. Kennedy

14. Parallelism- repeating a grammatical structure • “…we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe…” • Persuasion- writing or speech that is intended to make its audience adopt a certain opinion or perform an action • Repetition- using the same word, phrase, or clause two or more times in close proximity • Restatement- Repeating an idea in a variety of ways • Rhetorical question- Asking a question whose answer is self-evident • Diction- a writer or speaker’s word choice Literary Terms

15. Attempts to arouse the audience’s feelings, often by using rhetorical devices that evoke an emotional response • Horror/Disgust- “…to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun.” • Anger – the word tyrant • Pride – “…give me liberty or give me death!” Emotional appeal

16. Builds a well-reasoned argument based on evidence, such as facts, statistics, or expert testimony • “I know of no way if judging the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the past ten years to justify these hopes…” Logical Appeal