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The Five Themes of Geography

The Five Themes of Geography. What is Geography?. ge·og·ra·phy A science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary. In other words….

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The Five Themes of Geography

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  1. The Five Themes of Geography

  2. What is Geography? ge·og·ra·phyA science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surfaceSource-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary

  3. In other words… Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it!

  4. Where did the 5 themes come from? • The 5 Themes of Geography were developed by the National Geographic Society as a method for studying geography. • The themes help us categorize geographic information

  5. The 5 themes of Geography:

  6. THEME 1: LOCATION • Question investigated: Where is it? Two categories of location: • Absolute location • Relative location

  7. Absolute Location • A specific place on the Earth’s surface • Uses a grid system • Latitude and longitude • A global address

  8. Relative Location • Where a place is in relation to another place • Uses directional words to describe

  9. THEME 2: PLACE Question investigated: What is it like? • The 2 categories are: • - physical places • Human places

  10. Physical Place • Physical characteristics of the environment • Eg. Resources, climate, landforms, water features, natural vegetation, wildlife… • Note: anything distinctive and comes from nature!

  11. Human (cultural) Place • Human elements of a place • Eg. Occupations, recreation, settlement types and patterns, political, economic, religious beliefs, ideas, language…etc • Note: features must be distinctive and a product of human efforts!

  12. THEME3: HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • Question investigated: • How does the physical place influence human activities? • How do human activities alter the physical place? Two Categories of interaction. . . • Human adaptation • Human alteration http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/corbis/DGT119/BAG0017.jpg

  13. Human Adaptation • Humans adapt to their environment • Examples: adapt to climate (shelter, clothes, work hours…)

  14. Human Alteration • Humans alter their natural environment using technology • Examples:

  15. THEME 4: MOVEMENT • Question investigated: How do people, goods and ideas move from place to place? • Two categories of interaction. . . • Material movement • Non-material movement

  16. Material Movement • This involves obvious movement using some type of land, water, or air vehicle • Example: Moving people, animals, or other material things

  17. Non-Material Movement • This involves less obvious forms of movement Examples: • movement of energy and information through electric wires/fiber optics (this technology has an impact on human-environment interaction!) • Movement of ideas/beliefs from one place/culture to another

  18. THEME 5: REGION • Question investigated: What areas have unifying/common features? • We identify ‘areas’/’regions’ according to the existence of /unifying common features • Three categories of region. . . • Formal region • Functional region • Vernacular region

  19. Formal Regions Many features can be used to define regions ‘formal regions’ Formal regions share one or a number of unifying/common features. • Eg. Landform, climate, language, politics, religion, culture…etc Formal regions include… • Landform regions, climate regions, language regions, political regions, religious regions, cultural regions…etc. • Example: provinces, countries, cities (defined by boundaries) • Example: cultural enclaves of T.O. (Chinatown, Little India) • Example: One region may various common features…  80% speak French as their first language  85% are practicing Roman Catholic Christians

  20. Functional Regions Functional regions are defined by a function (an interactive system). The defining characteristics are the interconnected parts. • Example: newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area, urban area (CBD), ecosystems (natural functional region)

  21. Vernacular Regions Vernacular regions are defined by ordinary people’s (subjective) perceptions. These perceptions reflect their feelings and images about places. • Eg. ‘the south’, ‘the west’…

  22. …remember all 5 themes! Mr. Help! • M Movement • R Region • HE Human Environment Interaction • L Location • P Place

  23. TASK: journal writing TOPIC: Describe a place you love by addressing all 5 themes of geography.

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