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Sectionalism Review

Sectionalism Review. Mr. McElhaney APUSH 2008-2009. Next Three Weeks. Week 1 – Review Sectionalism/Reform Movements Reading part of Ch. 10 (Due WED) See Handout Ch 11 Due Friday Reform Movements Begin Ch 12 Due WED next Week Week 2 – Finish Reform Movements= Abolitionism

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Sectionalism Review

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  1. Sectionalism Review Mr. McElhaney APUSH 2008-2009

  2. Next Three Weeks • Week 1 – • Review Sectionalism/Reform Movements Reading part of Ch. 10 (Due WED) See Handout • Ch 11 Due Friday • Reform Movements Begin Ch 12 Due WED next Week • Week 2 – • Finish Reform Movements= Abolitionism • Begin Ch 13 Expansion and Decade of 1850s/Coming of the Civil War (Test Ch 10, 11, 12) Friday next week  • Week 3 – • The Civil War Ch. 14 • Vacation work on project

  3. Regional Specialization Northeast Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation’s Breadbasket

  4. American Growth

  5. I. North A. Growth of Industry with Industrial Revolution

  6. Erie Canal, 1820s

  7. Erie Canal System • Begun in 1817 • 363 miles • Albany, NY to Lake Erie “We have assembled to commence the excavation of the Erie Canal. This work when accomplished will connect our western inland seas with the Atlantic Ocean. By this great highway, unborn millions will easily transport their surplus productions to the shores of the Atlantic, procure their supplies, and hold a useful and profitable intercourse with all the maritime nations of the earth...”

  8. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  9. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont

  10. Principal Canals in 1840

  11. I. North A. Growth of Industry with Industrial Revolution

  12. Early Textile Loom

  13. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  14. New England Dominance in Textiles

  15. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  16. Lowell in 1850

  17. Lowell Mill

  18. Lowell System • Mostly young, unmarried women working in factory of Textiles • Worked and live in clean boarding houses owned and managed by the factory • Emphasis in maintaining the morality of the women employed • Curfews • Church Attendance • Immoral women (sex, bad manners- talking back) were removed quickly

  19. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

  20. Working Conditions Lowell • Not the best but not the worst • Repetition, tedious • Lowell system declines due to competition and lower standards for of pay and working conditions worsen

  21. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

  22. Rise of Cities • Between 1830-1860 Urban population of the US grew by 552% • 1830- 1.1 million • 1860 6.2 million • Cities grow because of • Immigration • Rural to urban migration- people leave the farm due to decreased opportunity- mechanization of agriculture, more opportunity in cities

  23. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

  24. McCormick Reaper • 1834 Revolutionized the harvesting grain • More efficient and faster • Factory in Chicago

  25. The United States is a nation of immigrants. By 1860 1/4 of population was born in another country. Immigration to the United States occurs in waves. The First Wave of Immigrants: 1820-1860- Irish- 2 million German- 1.5 million British- 750,000 Scandinavia 1825- 10,000 immigrants 1845- 100,000 per year 1854- 428,000 Second Wave of Immigration 1860-1920 1865-1890- 9 million arrive 1890-1915 16 million arrive 1910 ½ the people of cities are Immigrants Immigrationhttp://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/imageapp.php?Major=IM&Minor=F

  26. Push Factors Factors that pushed immigrants out of their native lands to America: Poverty- Lack of Economic Opportunity Political Repression - No freedom Ethnic conflict- War- conscription No jobs No hope of a future Famine/ starvation/drought Pull Factors Factors that pulled immigrants out of their native lands to America: Economic Opportunity Jobs/ workers were needed Land $ A future of land ownership Peace and stability Freedom to make a better life Immigration

  27. Population Growth 1620-1860 Immigration 1820-1840

  28. Irish Potato Famine 1846-1851 August 1845 the Irish potato crop was blighted or stricken with a disease. The disease ruined the main source of nutrition for the population. Famine, starvation, and disease killed much of the population. While the poor of Ireland starved British land owners and merchants made money. 1845- 25 million bushels if grain was shipped out. 1846-50 3 million live animals were exported 1847 1.3 million gallons of grain derived alcohol was exported. 1845-1860 the population of Ireland was reduced by 1/3. 1845 population = 8.2 million 1860- Pop = 5.8 million 1920- Pop = 4.2 million 1 million died from starvation and disease. 2 million left to America 1860-1926 4 million more went to the US. Early Immigration

  29. American Population Density, 1860 American Population Density, 1820

  30. Whenever a new group enters into an established community tension is caused and a pattern of development can be seen. Examples: When the Irish came in the 1840’s the established groups of British and Germans did not like the new Irish. Irish where different: Language- Irish Religion Roman Catholic Culture different from British Lifestyles- They were looked down upon and discriminated against. See cartoons. Xenophobia- anti foreigner attitudes Nativism- The idea of blaming immigrants for problems. Established groups blamed the new groups for problems: Taking Jobs, Lazy -Famous Slogan: “No Irish Need Apply” People said they were responsible for: Crime Immorality- alcohol abuse Catholics- not loyal to America Dirty- Inferior, Damaging to the United States How did/do people react to immigrants coming to America?

  31. The Changing American Population • Rapid Urbanization • Surging Immigration • German and Irish Immigrants Sources of Immigration, 1820-40 and ----------------------------------------------------1840-60

  32. Anti-Immigrant Americans • Nativist= Native American Party Or • Know Nothing Party • 1850s strong • in the Northeast • Disappear by 1860 • Join New Republican • party NINA = No Irish Need Apply

  33. NINA • How about a song?

  34. The Early Union Movement Workingman’s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early unions were usually local, social, and weak. Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842). Massachusetts Declared Unions lawful and Strikes lawful

  35. II. South: A. Growth of Agriculture (“King Cotton”)

  36. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

  37. Lower or “Deep” South • Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas • 1820= 500,000 bales • 1850= 3million bales • 1860= 5 million bales • 2/3 of total US exports = $200 million year • Rice was only $2 Million year

  38. Alabama 1820= 41,000 1860= 435,000 Mississippi 1820= 32,000 1860= 436,000 Virginia 1820= 425,000 1860= 490,000 Slavery Expands Lower South?

  39. Planter Class Southern White Culture • Similar to Feudal lords • Believed in • Chivalry • Leisure • Elegance • Refinement • Graciousness • Courtesy • 800 acres or more + at least 50 slaves • Great influence- Political/Economic/Social leadership Small Minority of Southern whites owned slaves 1850 white population= 6 million Slave owners= 347, 525 1860 white population = 8 million Slave owners 383,637

  40. Typical southerner= Yeoman Farmer Some owned a Slave or 2 worked with them Small farms- subsistence Were tied to the slave system Depended on Large Plantation For Cotton Gin Markets for goods Credit Kinship Plain Folk/Common Southern Whites

  41. Number one Unifying factor in the South was • RACE • Whites in the South supported Slavery because of the RACE issue. • Social and Economic Fears • Changing social relations • Race mixing was • Empowering Blacks economic competition • The poorest whites felt superior to the blacks • “From childhood, the one thing in their condition which has made life valuable to the mass of whites has been that the N--- are yet their inferiors.” foreign observer from 1850s

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