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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. THE MUSCLAR SYSTEM. FUNCTIONS: Body Movement Pump Blood Throughout body Move food through digestive system Control air movement in and out of the lungs. MUSCULAR SYSTEM. CONTRACTION. CONTRACTION : Shortening of a muscle. EXTENSION : stretching of a muscle .

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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  2. THE MUSCLAR SYSTEM • FUNCTIONS: • Body Movement • Pump Blood Throughout body • Move food through digestive system • Control air movement in and out of the lungs

  3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  4. CONTRACTION • CONTRACTION: Shortening of a muscle. • EXTENSION: stretching of a muscle.

  5. ANTAGONISTIC • Muscles work in opposition, while one contracts, the other extends. • Antagonistic = work in opposition, muscles do this, so one muscle would be the antagonistic muscle to another one. • Examples = bicep/triceps quadriceps/hamstrings

  6. TYPES of MUSCLES • SMOOTH MUSCLE: control movements of internal organs. • Involuntary movements…work without conscious control. • Intestines, bronchi of the lungs, the bladder.

  7. TYPES of MUSCLES… • SKELETAL MUSCLE: striped or striated muscles attached to the bones that cause body movement. • Biceps, triceps. • Largest part of the body’s muscular system. • Voluntary movements, conscious control. • FLEXORS: muscles that close a joint. • EXTENSORS: muscles that open a joint.

  8. TYPES of MUSCLES… • CARDIAC MUSCLE: striated tissue that forms the wall of the heart. • Involuntary muscle. • Heart contracts rhythmically about 100,000 times a day.

  9. CARE of the MUSCLE SYSTEM • ATROPHY: waste away (“Use it or lose it”) • MUSCLE TONE: the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle. • Aerobic exercise, resistance training, balanced diet. • Older adults…prevent loss of mobility, balance, and risk of falls. • The heart is a muscle that needs “training”…regular exercise. • Stretching, warm-up, cool down. • As always safety.

  10. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • MUSCLE SORENESS: damage to the muscle fibers themselves. Muscle biopsies taken on the day after hard exercise show bleeding and disruption of the z-band filaments that hold muscle fibers together as they slide over each other during a contraction.

  11. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: muscles become weak and easily fatigued. • Eye muscles…drooping eyelids and double vision. • MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: inherited disorder characterized by a progressive wasting away of skeletal muscles. • No cure.

  12. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • MUSCLE STRAIN: • “pulled muscle”, tearing or stretching of muscles fibers as a result of suddenly pulling them to far.

  13. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • BRUISE: discolored area under the skin caused by a leakage of blood after an injury. After Femur fracture

  14. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • TENDINITIS: the inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by overuse.

  15. PROBLEMS of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM • HERNIA: the protrusion of an organ of tissue through a weak area in the muscle.

  16. Additional Information • Cartilage = allows smooth movement at a joint – connects the ribs and is a cushion between vertebrae. • Ligaments = connect bone to bone at a joint. • Tendons = a band of fiber that connects muscles to bones.

  17. What are muscles made of? • Muscle tissue is • ¾ water • The remaining ¼ is • 20% protein substances • 5% nonprotein and mineral substances.

  18. What is ATP? • Adenosine Triphosphate is a nonprotein chemical substance in muscle tissue. It is a source of immediate energy for muscle contraction. What is Glycogen? - An organic compound in muscles. Stored in cells and used as the body needs energy.

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